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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What properties of Life do viruses not possess? |
- viruses are not cells - viruses do not grow - viruses cannot reproduce on their own |
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What properties of Life do viruses possess? |
- viruses can replicate - viruses possess genetic material - viruses utilize the same genetic code as living cells - viruses evolve by way of natural selection |
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How big are viruses? |
Viruses can be as small as 20 NM |
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What is the formal name for the protein coat that surrounds the genes of the virus? |
The protein coat is called a capsid |
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What is another type of coating that some viruses have? |
A membranous envelope |
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What is attached to the membranous envelope? |
Glycoproteins are attached to the membranous envelope |
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How do viruses reproduce? |
A virus reproduces by entering a host cell and is uncoated, then the host cells enzymes replicate the viral DNA. The host cells enzymes and ribosomes transcribe and translate the viral DNA into RNA and proteins and these proteins serve as new viral capsids. The new DNA and protein capsules assemble and exit the host cell |
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What is a bacteriophage? |
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria - bacteriophages possess DNA as their genetic material - bacteriophages capsid consist of a head a tale and a tail fiber |
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Lytic cycle of the bacteriophage |
During the lytic cycle the new viruses that are produced destroy the cell when they break out of it. |
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The lysogenic cycle of the bacteriophage |
-During the lysogenic cycle the viral DNA Incorporated itself into the bacterial chromosome -The viral DNA is replicated when the bacterium divides - Each new bacterium therefore possesses a copy of the viral DNA - this does not harm the bacterial cell directly though the viral DNA will ultimately exit the bacterial chromosome and initiate the lytic cycle |
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Plant viruses |
Plant viruses possess RNA as their genetic material - Viruses infect plant plants by way of horizontal or vertical transmission -Horizontal transmission involves viral entry through a damaged part of the plant -Vertical transmission involves parents passing the virus to their offspring |
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Animal viruses |
These viruses May possess DNA as their genetic material DNA viruses viruses cause; warts, cold sores and genital herpes, chickenpox and shingles, mononucleosis and smallpox |
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Animal viruses with RNA genetic material |
These viruses cause; the common cold, influenza, measles mumps and rubella, hepatitis, polio, and rabies |
