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80 Cards in this Set
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Painless, swollen, black, crusty ulcer |
Eschar |
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Pus-producing skin infection |
Pyoderma |
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Name of the microorganism that is the cause of rubella |
Rubivirus |
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Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin; prevents phagocytosis by producing localized clotting |
Coagulase |
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Infection of the skin, most common in children; that is characterized by raised erythematous lesions covered with yellow-gray crust; frequently found on the face |
Impetigo |
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Other name for a Langerhans cell. It is unique because it can present antigens on MHC Class I and MHC Class II molecules |
Dendritic Cells |
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Shingles; reactivation of a latent viral infection of the dorsal root ganglia (neurons) |
Zoster |
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Term for the interruption of blood supply to tissue |
Ischemia |
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Common name for an infection of a hair follicle. The follicle becomes red, swollen, and filled with pus |
Pimple |
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Name of the microorganism that causes measles |
Morbillivirus |
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Term for death of tissue |
Necrosis |
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Name of the disease that occurs when Bacillus anthracis, shed from an infected animal, enters a cut on the skin and produces a solid skin nodule |
Cutaneous Anthrax |
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Viral infection that spreads through use of the bloodstream as a vehicle; no multiplication during transit |
Viremia |
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Main type of dead leukocyte found in pus |
Neutrophil |
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Macules that have progressed to form raised sores |
Papules |
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Syndrome that is secondary to a primary S. aureus infection of the skin, nose, throat, mouth, umbilicus or GI; exfoliatins released cause epidermis to separate from the dermis. |
Scalded Skin |
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Exotoxin produced by S. pyogenes that activates T cell nonspecifically; causes overproduction of cytokines which causes overstimulation of macrophages leading to tissue damage. |
Exotoxin A |
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Infection of the skin that spreads into the surrounding lymph nodes triggering pain and inflammation. This is usually caused by Group A Streptococcus pyogenes. |
Erysipelas |
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Most common opportunistic pathogen that is seen in burn victims. When it enters the bloodstream, it causes fever, chills and shock. Infection by this microorganism are readily diagnosed because it produces a blue-green pigment. |
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa |
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Name for the disease that is commonly called German measles |
Rubella |
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Subacute (or slow) sclerosing panencephalitis is a sequela of this disease (technical name) |
Rubeola |
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Made from hyaluronic acid, similar to that found in connective tissue, this structure of S. pyogenes helps to evade phagocytosis by hiding surface antigens |
Capsule |
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Infection that is potentially fatal. It is characterized by toxemia, organ failure, and destruction of muscle and fat tissue following infection by Streptococcus pyogenes |
Necrotizing Fasciitis |
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Abbreviation for the name of the microorganism that is the cause of warts. There are almost 60 different strains of this. |
HPV |
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Benign growth of the epithelium of the skin or mucous membrane |
Papilloma |
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Accumulation of pus in a cavity hallowed out from tissue damage that is surrounded by inflammation |
Abscess |
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Waterproofing protein found in the epidermis. A hardened form of this forms nails and hair. |
Keratin |
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Abbreviation for the name of the microorganism that is the cause of 85% of genital herpes cases. It infects the skin and mucous membranes of the external genitalia, thighs, buttocks, and anus |
HSV II |
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Spores of this Gram + bacillus that responsible for causing gas gangrene |
Clostridium perfringens |
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Surface protein produced by S. aureus that binds to the Fc portion of antibodies thereby preventing complement activation of phagocytosis. |
Protein A |
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Disease characterized by tissue necrosis and bloating; metabolic activities of pathogen produce a distinctive sell |
Gas Gangrene |
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Abbreviation for the name of the microorganism that is the cause of 90% of cold sores, fever blisters, and whitlow. It infects the skin and mucous membranes of the face, mouth and trunk |
HSV I |
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Proteins released by Staphylococcus aureus that causes reddening of the skin and the epidermis separate from the dermis |
Exfoliative Toxins |
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Folliculitis that spreads to the subcutaneous tissue; also known as a boil |
Furuncle |
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Cell damage; viral proteins cause host cell membranes to fuse giving appearance of a giant cell with many nuclei |
Syncitium |
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Spherical cells arranged in a chain |
Streptococcus |
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Name of the obligate anaerobic microorganisms that is normal flora of the epidermis. It typically grows on sebum within the sebaceous glands. |
Propionibacterium Acnes |
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Small, ulcerated lesions in the oral mucosa that are diagnostic of a measles infection |
Koplik's Spots |
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Endospores of this microorganism are responsible for causing cutaneous anthrax |
Bacillus Anthracis |
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First type of skin lesion that is observed during a poxvirus infection. These are flat, reddened lesions. |
Macules |
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Superficial infection initiated by damage to hair follicles; also known as pimples |
Folliculitis |
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Raised lesions of the skin that are filled with fluid |
Pustules |
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Furuncles that form and merge |
Carbuncle |
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Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus |
GABHS |
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Medical term for chickenpox |
Varicella |
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Spherical cells clustered together (like grapes) |
Staphylococcus |
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Folliculitis that occurs at the base of an eyelid |
Sty |
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Upper layer of skin. Does not contain blood vessels. It is colonized by several species of normal flora. |
Epidermis |
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Inflamed blister that may result from infection with herpes simplex viruses via a cut or break in the skin |
Whitlow |
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Overproduction of sebum that causes clogged pores leading to an overgrowth of the obligate anaerobe Propionibacterium acnes; usually seen during puberty because of increased production of androgens causes overproduction of sebum |
Acne |
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Folliculitis |
Pathogen: Staphylococcus aureus Symptoms: Itching, rash Pathology: Damage to hair follicle->Bacteria enter->Infection->Inflammation Treatment: Topical antiseptic Transmission: Endogenous/Exogenous (direct contact, fomites) Consequence of non-treatment: Furuncle |
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Staphylococcus aureus characterisitics |
Gram +, Facultative anaerobe, Catalase +, Coagulase +, Beta Hemolysis. Infects sebaceous glands & hair follicles |
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Furuncle (Boil) |
Pathogen: S. aureus Symptoms: Red nodule, swollen, pain Pathology: Bacteria spread into subcutaneous tissue->Trigger more inflammation Treatment: Drainage, Oral Methicillin Transmission: Endogenous Consequence of non-treatment: Sepsis |
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Sty |
Pathogen: S. aureus Symptoms: Eyelid tender, redness, swelling, blurred vision Pathology: Bacteria spread into subcutaneous tissue->Trigger more inflammation Treatment: Ophthalmic antibiotic, erythromycin Transmission: Endogenous/Exogenous (fomites) Consequence: Ruptured sty can infect cornea |
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Scalded Skin Syndrome |
Pathogen: S. aureus Symptoms: Fever, skin tender to touch, gentle pressure will cause peeling Pathology: From primary infection, bacteria release exfoliative toxin->toxemia->skin->inflammation Treatment: Methilcillin, treat as burn, hydrate Transmission: Exogenous Consequence of non-treatment: Secondary bacterial infection of exposed skin |
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Impetigo |
Pathogen: S. aureus Symptoms: Raised reddish lesions, pus-filled yellow-gray crust Pathology: Bacteria enters skin->infection->inflammation->redness->WBC attracted to area->pus Treatment: Gram stain, antibiotic sensitivity, penicillin, wound cleaning Transmission: Endogenous (scratch)/Exogenous (direct contact, fomites) Consequence of non-treatment: spread to lymph nodes->Erysipela |
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Streptococcus pyogenes characteristics |
Gram +, facultative anaerobe, catalase -, coagulase -, strong beta hemolysis. Infects skin, pharynx, resp. tract |
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Streptococcal cellulitis |
Pathogen: S. pyogenes Symptoms: Pain, tenderness, swelling, redness, fever Treatment: Antibiotics Transmission: Exogenous |
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Necrotizing Fasciitis |
Pathogen: S. pyogenes Symptoms: skin disproportionately painful, tissues become red, hot, swollen, skin turns purple & blisters, necrosis, toxic shock Pathology: Break in skin->Rapid spread->exotoxin A released (activates macrophages nonspecifically)->release cytokines Treatment: IV Penicillin and Clindamycin, Debridement, Amputation Transmission: Person-to-person, trauma Consequence of non-treatment: Death |
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Propionibacterium acnes characteristics |
Gram +, bacillus, obligate anaerobe, catalase +, coagulase -, weak alpha hemolysis. Infects sebaceous glands |
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Acne |
Pathogen: Propionibacterium acnes Symptoms: redness, swelling, pustule, pain Pathology: Excess sebum->bacteria, glycerol & fatty acids grow in pore->rupture->Inflammation->pus Treatment: skin cleanser, Accutane, Doxycycline Consequence of non-treatment: Scarring |
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa characteristics |
Gram -, bacillus (mono or diplo), aerobe. Opportunistic & nosocomial pathogen |
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
Symptoms: Pyocanin (blue-green pigment) Pathology: Burned skin->bacteria colonizes->crust forms over burn->bacteria enters blood->bacteria releases toxins, kills cells, triggers shock->releases endotoxin - fever, vasodilation, shock Treatment: Debridement, topical polymyxin, Beta-lactam & Aminoglycoside antibiotics Consequence of non-treatment: Death |
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Bacillus anthracis characteristics |
Gram +, streptobacillus, facultative anaerobe, zoonotic |
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Cutaneous anthrax |
Pathogen: Bacillus anthracis Symptoms: Itching, Papular lesions, eschar Pathology: Endospores enter skin->endospores germinate->inflammation->solid skin nodule->bacteria releases toxins->increase inflammation->papular lesions->toxins kills cells->Eschar formation Treatment: Ciprofloxacin, Penicillin, Erythromycin Transmission: Direct contact with endospores Consequence: Death Vaccine: BioThrax, ABThrax |
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Clostridium perfringens |
Gram +, bacillus, obligate anaerobe. Normal flora of intestinal tract |
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Gas Gangrene |
Pathogen: Clostridium perfringens Symptoms: swelling, severe pain, extreme tenderness, blisters, foul odor, redness, skin discoloration, necrosis Pathology: Trauma/surgery->endospores enter & germinate->inflammation->bacteria releases exotoxins that lead to necrosis->metabolism of bacteria lead to trapped gas in tissue Transmission: Direct endospore contact Treatment: IV Penicillin, Hyperbaric O2 chamber, debridement, amputation Consequence: Death |
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Herpes Simplex Virus characterisitics |
Enveloped, icosahedral nucleocapsid, DNA in genome |
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HSV I |
Ulcerated lesions, latent infection w/ reactivation Cold sores, fever, blisters, whitlow Transmission: Fomites, direct contact |
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HSV II (Genital Herpes) |
Ulcerated lesions, latent infection w/ reactivation Transmission: STD, oral Treatment: No cure, reduce duration with nucleotide analog drugs |
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Human Papilloma Virus characteristics |
Naked virus, icosahedral, warts |
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Warts |
Pathogen: HPV Symptoms: Itch, painless Transmission: Direct contact, fomites, childbirth, STD, endogenous Pathology: Virus enters skin->Infects epithelial cells->epithelial cells proliferate (grow) Treatment: Remove infected tissue Consequence: Endogenous spread
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Poxvirus Lesion Stages |
Macule - flat, reddened lesion Papule - raised sore Vesicle - fills with clear fluid Pustule - fills with pus |
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Varicella-Zoster Virus characteristics |
Enveloped, icosahedral nucleocapsid, genome: DNA |
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Varicella (Chickenpox) |
Pathogen: VZV Symptoms: Fever, common cold-like, progressing rash Pathology: Virus infect mucous membranes->inflammation (cough, sneeze)->Viremia->Virus infects skin->inflammation->rash Transmission: Aerosol Treatment: Supportive Vaccine: Varivax, Zostavax |
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Zoster (Shingles) |
Symptoms: Pain, itch, rash, blisters, pain Transmission: Endogenous Pathology: Latent infection is reactivated Treatment: Acyclovir Consequence: Nerve damage, secondary infection to exposed area |
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Morbillivirus characteristics |
Enveloped, helical nucleocapsid, genome: RNA |
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Rubeola (Measles) |
Pathogen: Morbillivirus Symptoms: Fever, runny nose, malaise, diffuse rash, Koplik's spots Transmission: Aerosol, droplet nuclei Pathology: Virus infects mucous membranes of resp tract->inflammation (fever, runny nose, malaise)->viremia->skin->rash Treatment: Supportive Vaccine: MMR Complications: pneumona, slow sclerosing panencephalitis, death |
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Rubivirus characteristics |
Enveloped, icosahedral nucleocapsid, genome: RNA |
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Rubella |
German Measles Pathogen: Rubivirus Symptoms: Fever, runny nose, rash, malaise, no Koplik's spots Pathology: Virus infects cells of upper resp. tract->inflammation (runny nose, fever)->viremia: skin->inflammation->rash Transmission: Aerosol, droplet nuclei Treatment: Supportive Vaccine: MMR |
