Chapter 19: Microbial Diseases Of The Skin And Wounds

Front 1

The skin is composed of a ____ and an ____. The skin is an effective barrier against invading microbes because the outer layers are dead and covered in salt.

Back 1

dermis, epidermis

Front 2

A variety of normal ____ including Staphylococcus and ____ live on the skin surface, hair follicles, and in sweat ducts. Normal skin microbiotas are resistance to sebum and salt.

Back 2

microbiota, diptheroids

Front 3

____ can occur at the base of a hair follicle (called a pimple) or at the base of an eyelid (called a ____).

Back 3

Folliculitis, sty

Front 4

A boil or ____ results when infection spreads to surrounding tissues. When several furuncles join, a ____ is formed.

Back 4

furuncle, carbuncle

Front 5

Virulent Staphylococcus aureus can resist to penicillin because they produce ____.

Back 5

beta-lactamase

Front 6

____, also called pyoderma, is a contagious skin disease caused by Staphylococcus pyogens and Staphylococcus aureus.

Back 6

Impetigo

Front 7

____ caused by Staphylococcus pyogens results when impetigo infections spread through lymph nodes. Impetigo and Erysipelas are more common in children and in the elderly.

Back 7

Erysipelas

Front 8

____ ____, commonly caused by group A Streptococcus (S. pyogens), is a painful disease characterized by flulike symptoms, digestion of connective tissue around muscles, toxemia, and often death.

Back 8

Necrotizing fasciitis

Front 9

____ pimples are commonly composed of dead Propionibacterium or Staphylococcus aureus bacteria combined with living leukocytes. Dead bacteria that block pores form blackheads. Cysts can rupture and form scar tissue.

Back 9

Acne

Front 10

Doxycycline & benzoyl peroxide are used to treat acne. In addition, a specific wavelength of ____ ____ can be used to treat acne.

Back 10

blue light

Front 11

Bartonella henselae is carried by cats and causes ____ ____ ____ when introduced through a scratch or bite.

Back 11

cat scratch disease

Front 12

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen producing ____, a blue-green pigment.

Back 12

pyocyanin

Front 13

Ticks carry Rickettsia rickettsii, which causes ____, characterized by a rash, flu-like symptoms, and sometimes subcutaneous hemorrhages called ____.

Back 13

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), petechiae

Front 14

____ ____ results when Bacillus anthracis infects a cut in the skin, producing a crusty ulcer called an ____ on the skin.

Back 14

Cutaneous anthrax, eschar

Front 15

____ ____ (gangrene) develops in dead tissue infected with Clostridium endospores.

Back 15

Gas gangrene

Front 16

Poxvirus causes smallpox, orf, cowpox, and monkeypox. Lesions progress from flat ____

to ____ ____, vesicles, and pus-filled ____ (also called ____).

Back 16

macules, raised papules, pustules, pox

Front 17

Smallpox virus (____ virus) exists in two strains: variola major and variola minor.

Back 17

variola

Front 18

Herpesviruses cause ____ (fever blisters).

Back 18

herpes

Front 19

____ are growths of epithelium or mucous membranes. Common skin warts are the result of infection with papillomaviruses. Some strains of Papillomavirus are oncogenic due to their ability to integrate into the host cell DNA.

Back 19

Warts (papillomas)

Front 20

____ ____ are associate with cancers of mouth, anus, cervix, and penis.

Back 20

Genital warts

Front 21

____ ____ causes ____ (also known as ____) in children and adults and a recurrent disease, ____ (also known as herpes zoster), in adults.

Back 21

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), chickenpox, varicella, shingles

Front 22

____ (also called German measles or three-day measles) is caused by Rubivirus. The disease is mild in children but more serious in adults and fetuses can cause birth defect.

Back 22

Rubella

Front 23

____ virus causes ____ (red measles), a serious, contagious childhood disease characterized by ____ in the mouth.

Back 23

Measles, rubeola, Koplik's spots

Front 24

Rare complications include ____ ____ ____, a slow progressive disease of the central nervous system.

Back 24

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

Front 25

Other rashes produced by viruses include ____ ____ (fifth disease), ____, and ____ ____ ____ infections, the last of which produce herpangina lesions in the mouth and throat.

Back 25

erythema infectiosum, roseola, coxsackie A virus

Front 26

____ ____ are fungal infections that produce the enzyme keratinase, which dissolves keratin of the hair, nails, and skin.

Back 26

Superficial mycoses

Front 27

Black and white ____ are infections on the hair shafts, while ____ ____ results from interference with melanin production in patches of skin.

Back 27

piedra, pityriasis versicolor

Front 28

Cutaneous mycoses are ____ (formerly called ringworm or tineas). These infections are caused by fungi that grow on the skin, nails, and hair and stimulate immune responses in underlying tissues.

Back 28

dermatophytoses

Front 29

Ascomycete fungi that infect wounds caused ____, which progressively manifests as lesions, warts, and tumors.

Back 29

chromoblastomycosis

Front 30

____ is caused by invasion of fungal spores in traumatic or surgical wounds.

Back 30

Phaeohyphomycosis

Front 31

Several genera of soil fungi cause invasive, tumorlike skin infections called ____.

Back 31

mycetomas

Front 32

____ (rose-gardeners’ disease) is a cutaneous or subcutaneous disease caused by inoculation with Sporothrix, often by thorn pricks from roses.

Back 32

Sporotrichosis

Front 33

Leishmania is a parasitic protozoa transmitted to humans by sand flies. It causes ____,

a disease that can be cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral.

Back 33

leismaniasis

Front 34

The mite Sarcoptes scabiei causes ____, a disease of itchy blisters, often on the webbing between the fingers.

Back 34

scabies