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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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substances of blood plasma |
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water 91.5 of plasma |
liquid portion of blood; solvent and suspending medium; absorbs, transports, and releases heat |
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plasma proteins 7% |
most produced in liver; responsible for blood colloid osmotic pressure; contributor to blood viscosity; transports hormones (steroids), fatty acids and calcium; help regulate blood ph |
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pp; albumins |
smallest/numerous plasma proteins; maintain osmotic pressure and the exchange of fluids across the blood capillary wall |
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pp: globulin |
large proteins (plasma cells produce immunoglobulins) -help attack viruses and bacteria; alpha and beta globulins transport iron, lipids & fat soluble vitamins |
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pp; fibrinogen |
large protein; blood clotting |
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other solultes (1.5%) |
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OS; Electrolytes |
inorganic salts ; posItive charged cations - Na+. k+, Ca2+, mG2+ Negative charged anions: CI-, HPO42-, SO42-, HCO3- FUNCTION: helps maintain osmotic pressure and plays a roll in cell functions |
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OS: nutrients |
products of digestion such as amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, glycerol, vitamins and minerals. functions: role in cell growth, development, and function |
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OS: gases |
oxygen: o2 - important in cellular function carbon dioxide: CO2- regulate blood ph Nitrogen: (N2)- no known function |
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os: regualtory substances |
enzymes - catalyze chemical reactions hormones- regulate metabolism, growth, and development vitamins- cofactors in enzymatic reactions |
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os: waste products |
urea,uric acid, creatine, creatinine, bilirubin, ammonia function: breakdown of protein metabolism carried by the blood to organs of excretion. |
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hemostasis consists of 3 things |
vascular spasm platelet plug formation and coagulation |
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vascular spasm |
arteries or arterioles are damaged, smooth muscle walls contract right away (vas spasm) -reduces blood loss for several hrs |
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platelet plug formation |
clotting factors for platelet plug: ADP; ATP; CA2+ & SEROTONIN also present are enzymes that produce thromboxane A2, which is a prostaglandin (fibrin stabilizing factor, strengthens blood clot); lysosomes; some mitochondria; |
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platelet plug formation continued: platelet derived growth factor: PDGF |
A hormone that causes proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle fibers, and fibroblasts to help repair damaged blood vessel. |
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platlet plug formation step 1 |
platlets contract and stick to parts of damaged endothelial cells; process is called platelet adhesion |
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platlet plug step 2 |
due to adhesion , platlets become activated- they extend many projections that enable them to contact and interact with one another & liberate contents of their vessels; which is called platelet release reaction- liberateeed ADP and thrombazane A2 play a major role by activating nearby platlets |
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platlet plug step 2 continued |
serotonin and thromboxane A2 function as vasoconstrictors, causing and sustaining contraction of vascular smooth muscle , which decreased blood flow through injured vessel |
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platlet plud 3 |
the release of adp make area sticky and the newly recurited and acticated paltlets adhere to the orignaly activated platlets |
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platlet aggregation |
gathering of platlets |
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platllet plg |
accumulation of large numbers of platlets form a mass |
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blood clotting |
to clot it needs clotting factors such as calcium ions, inactive enzymes that are synthezied by hepatocytes & released into the blood stream complex cascade of enzymatic reactions |
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common pathway |
formation of prothrombinase marks the beginning the common pathway |
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tissue facor |
initiates the formation of prothrombinase |
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clot retraction |
once clot formed the ruptured are pf the bv and stops blood loss - consolidation of the fibrin clot -as retracts pulls the damaged ends of vessel closer together- decreasing further damage |
