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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genes |
DNA sequences that contain institutes for building proteins |
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genome |
is the sum total of all of an organisms DNA, a complete set of chromosomes that make up an organisms inherited genetic material. |
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Genetics |
is the study of genes and their transmission from one generation to the next |
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Inheritance |
something received from an ancestor or another person. In terms of genetics each of us inherits one complete set of genes from our mother and from our father |
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chromosomes |
structure within the nuclues composed of DNA and protein. Genes are located here. |
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humans have 23 pairs of _________ |
chromosomes |
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22 pairs of _______ |
autosomes |
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1 pair of ______________ |
sex chromosomes |
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sex chromsomes |
determines the gender |
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1 of each pair of autosomes and 1 sex chromosomes is inherited from ____________
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each parent |
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homologous chromosomes |
the autosomes and the pair of x chromosomes in a female. because they look alike and they each have a copy of the same gene at the same location |
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Alleles |
alternative forms of a gene, they arise from mutation |
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homozygous |
two identical alleles at a particular locus or location. ( DD, dd) |
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heterozygous |
two different alleles at a particular locus or location. (Dd) |
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genotype determines your___________ |
phenotype |
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genotype |
an indviduals compelte set of alles |
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punnet square |
provides a simple way to represent patterns of inheritance of alleles and to predict the probability that a particular genotype will be inherited. |
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law of segregation |
when gametes are formed in the parents, the alleles separate from each other so that each gamete gets only one allele of each gene. |
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dominant |
an allele that masks or suppresses the expression of its complmentary allele |
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recessive |
an allele that does not manifest itself in the presence of a more dominant allele. two must be present in order for the recessive phenotypic trait to be expressed |
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law of independent assortment |
which states that the alleles of different genes are distributed to egg and sperm cells independently of each other during meiosis. |
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incomplete dominance |
the hertrozygous genotype results in a phenotype that is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes. |
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codominance |
the products of both allels are expressed equally |
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sickle cell anemia |
a disease caused by one or two alleles involved in production f hemoglobin for red blood cells. |
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polygenic inhertiance |
inheritance of phetotypic traits that depend on many genes |
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karyotype |
a composite display of all the chromosomes of an organism. |
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sex linked chromosomes |
refers the inheritance patterns that depend on genes located on the sex chromosomes. |
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nondisjunction |
failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly. |
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delection |
occurs when a piece of chromosome breaks off and is lost. |
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translocation |
occurs when piece of chromosome breaks off but reattaches at another site, either on the same chromosome or another chromosome. |
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dominant lethal |
anyone with even one HD allele will develop this disorder it is fatal. and there is no known cure. |
