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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
DL
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milliliters of gas the lungs can transfer to the blood
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ERV
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the amount of air you can exhale after a normal exhalation
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VT
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volume inspired with normal breath
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IRV
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amount of air you can inhale after a normal inspiration
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RV
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air left in the lungs after a maximal exhalation
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TLC
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largest amount of air the lungs can hold
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VC
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amount of air you can exhale after a maximum inspiration
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IC
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amount of air you can inhale after a normal exhalation
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FRC
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air left in the lungs after a normal exhalation
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MVV
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greatest amount of air you can breath in 12 to 15 seconds (must remember to extrapolate out to 1 minute)
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FVC
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amount of air you can forcefully exhale after a maimum inspiration(#1 PFT test done)
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PEF
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fast flow rate generated at the very beginning of the forced exhalation
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FEF (25-75%)
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average expiration flow during the middle part of forced exhalation
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FEV1
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volume of air you can forcefully exhale in 1 second
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FEF (200-1200)
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average expiratory flow during the early part of forced exhalation
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FEV1/FVC
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ratio of volume exhaled in 1 second to total volume exhaled (remember to use best test to get best %)
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diffusing capacity of the lung
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DL
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diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide
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DLCO
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diffusing capacity of the lung to effective total lung capacity ratio
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DLCO/VA
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effective total lung capacity
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VA
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expiratory reserve volume
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ERV
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force expiratory flow during the middle 50% of FVC (assesses smaller airways)
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FEF 25-75%
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average flow rate early in the FVC (acesses larger airways)
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FEF 200-1200
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forced expiratory volume in 1 second
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FEV1
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forced expiratory volume in half of a second
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FEV 0.5
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Forced vital capacity
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FVC
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Functional residual capacity
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FRC
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Inspiratory capacity
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IC
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Inspiratory reserve volume
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IRV
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Maximal voluntary ventilation (breath) in 12-45 seconds (reflects the pt effort, function of respiratory muscles, ability of chest wall to expand & patentcy of airways)
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MVV
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minute ventilation
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VE
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obstructive pulmonary disease (they have a prob here) peak expiratory flow rate
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PEF
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residual volume
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RV
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restrictive pulmonary disease thoracic gas volume
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TGV
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tidal volume
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VT
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total lung capacity
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TLC
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Vital capacity
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VC
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Which volumes cannot be measured with a spirometer?
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RV can not be measured directly
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which capacities CANNOT be measured with a spirometer(directly)
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FRC ,TLC
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Name the 3 test used to determine the volumes and capacities that cannot be measured
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Helium dilution, nitrogen wash out, Body box (plethyismography)
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What is thoracic gas volume?
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all air in the thorax
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What are the predicted values for PFT's based on?
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age hight race sex idbw. and smoking pack years
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What is the most common test of pulmonary mechanics?
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Forced Vital Capacity
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Which volumes & capacities are directly measured?
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VT, IRV, ERV, IC, and VC
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Indications for PFT's include the need to do the following: detect the presence or absence of lung dysfunction, quantification of severity, assess the change over time, assess effects of occupational exposure, assess risk for surgical procedures and assess impairment for______.
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legal/rehab/military
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The contraindications for PFT's include: pt unable to cooperate, hemoptysis of unknown origin, pneumothorax, hemodynamically unstable, recent MI, recent PE, recent eye surgery, acute disease process that might interfere with test performance( nausea, hiccups..), recent surgery of thorax or abdomen, and FINALLY _____.
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Thoracic, abdominal or cerebral aneurysms (danger of rupture due to increased thoracic pressure)
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In PFT's; precision, error,___ are terms that refer to the limit range.
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capacity, accuracy, resolution, linearity and output.
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You use a ____ to calibrate a PFT machine.
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3.0 Liter syringe
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What is the acceptable (difference/change?) for test pre & post bronchodilator? and why do it?
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15% minimum because it indication that it is reversible
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What is the acceptable range for PFT calibration?
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2.91-3.09 L or 50 ml (whichever is greater) or +-3.5%range or 0.5%error (pg404 table 19-3)
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What is DLCO
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diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide
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DLCO is used for____.
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determing the capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide to see how well gas deffuses into the lungs for oxygenation
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DLCO is ____ for both obstructive and restrictive diseases (norm for asthma).
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lowered
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PFT interpretation: If FEV1/FVC is less than 70%, then OBSTRUCTIVE . ____to above normal for RESTRICTIVE ( and TLC is less than 80%). DLCO of less than 80% indicates DIFFUSION DEFECT
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Normal
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What measurements can we get out of the FVC maneuver?
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FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF(200-1200) and FEF(25-75)
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The ___ of an instrument refers to the range or limits of haw much it can measure.
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capacity
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The ___ of a measuring instrument is how well it measures a known reference value
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accuracy
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The difference between reference values and measured values is called the ___.
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error
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Accuracy and error are opposing terms; the greater the_____, the smaller the _____.(both expressed in %, their sum allways = 100%)
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accuracy, error
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___ is the smallest detectable measurement.
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Resolution
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___ is synonymous with reliability of measurements and the opposite of variability.
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Precision
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__ refers to the accuracy of the instrument over its entire range of measurement(capacity).
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Linearity
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___ includes the specific measurements made or computed by the instrument (results we receive).
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Output
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a patient`s physcian ask you to recommend a pulmonary funtion test to help assess the effects of a possible tumor in the trachea. What would you recomend?
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spirometry with flow- volume loops
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a pulmonary function technologist test a spirometer by injecting 3.0 of air from a large volume syringe. the spirometer measures a result of 2.9l. The result would be
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with in normal limits
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which of the following pulmonary measurement is usally the smallest?
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FRC
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which of the following test would be helpful in assesing the effects on cigerate smoking on the smaller airways?
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FEF 25-75%
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Which of the following can be measured during spirometic testing?
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tidal volume
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An increased total lung capacity combined with a decrease diffusing capacity is strongly indicated of what conditition?
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emphysema
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The degree of impairment with it`s percent predicted Normal?
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80-120%
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Mild degree of impairment
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70-79%
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moderate degree of impairment
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50-69%
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severe degree of impairment
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35-49%
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average expiratory flow during the early part of forced exhalation?
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FEF 200-1200 forced expiratory flow rate between 20 and 120 FVC
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Average expiratory flow rate during middle part of forced exhalation
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FEF 25-75%and FVC25-75%
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What is the primary problem in obstructive lung disease?
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Increased airway resistance (will have a low FEV1/FVC)
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What device would you use to determine the accuracy of a spirometer in measured lung volumes?
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A calibrated 3 liter syringe
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What is the American Thoracic Society standard for the volumetric accuracy of spirometers
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+ or - 3.5 error or with in 50L of the reference value
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How often should a spirometer in continual use undergo volumetric calibration
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at least once a day
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what is the most commonly measured pulomonary mechanic during pulmonary function testing
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forced vital capacity
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Normal FEV1/FVC % is ____.
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80% (phil says at least 70%)
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Normal FEV1 (for a 20 y/o male) is __.
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4.7L
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Normal FEV1 for restrictive disease is ___.(small volume, no airway resistance)
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70%
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FEV1 is ____ with BOTH obstructive(^raw) & restrictive (dec. compliance) lung disease.
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reduced
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___ measurements of expiratory flow are lower than normal with obstructive disease processes.
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All
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The primary problem in restrictive disease is a decrease in lung compliance and therefore, ____.
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decreased lung volumes
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The primary abnormality in obstrustive disease is increased airway resistance and therefore,___.
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resistance to inhalation
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PFT Volume measuring device is called___. It assesses the ability of the lungs to move large volumes of air quickly thru the airways.
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spirometer
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PFT flow measuring device is called___.
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pneumotachometer
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