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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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fungating
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mushrooming patttern of growth; tumor cells pile one on top of another and project from a tissue surface; tumors found in teh colon are often this type
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polypoid
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grwoths that are like projections extending outward from a base
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sessile polypoid tumors
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extend from a broad base; coudl be benign or malignant
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pedunculated
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polypoid tumors extend from a stem or start; could be benign or malignant
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scirrhous
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densely packed tumors, containing dense badns of fibrous tissue; commonly foudn in breast or stomach cancers
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grade
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degree of maturity or differentiation under microscope
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stage
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extent of spread within the body
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modality
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method of treating cancer, either by surgery, radiation thearpy, chemotherpay, and biological therapy
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adjuvant
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assisting raidation or chemotherapy
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en bloc resection
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tumor is removed along with a large area of surrounding tissue containing lymph nodes; modified radical mastectomy, colectomy, and gasterectomy are examples
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excisional biopsy
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removal of tumor and a margin of normal tissue; produce provides a specimen for diagnosis and may be curative for small tumors
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exenteration
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wide resection invovling removal of the tumor, its organ of irign, and all surroudning tissue in the body space; pelvic exenteration may be performed to treat large primary tumors of the uterus
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fulguration
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destruction of tissue by electric sparks generated by a high-frequency current
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incisional biopsy
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piece of tumor is removed for examination to establish a diagnosis
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linear accelerator
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large electronic device that produces high-energy x-ray (or photon) beams for treatment of deep-seated tumors
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morbidity
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a degree of residual normal cell damage (side effect of radiation therapy
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linear accelerator
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large electronic device that produces high-energy x-ray (or photon) beams for the treatment of deep-seated tumors
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radiocurable tumor
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tumros that can be completely eradicated by raditaion therapy; usually has no metastasis
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radioresistant tumor
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tumor that requires large doses of radiation to produce death of cells; connective tissue tumors are most radioresistant
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radiosensitive tumor
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tumor in which irradiation can cause death of cells without serious damage to surrounding tissue
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alopecia
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baldness; usually permanent with radiation
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fibrosis
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increase in connective tissue in the lungs
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mucositis
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inflammation and ulceration of mucous membranes in the mouth, pharynx, vagina, baldder, large or small intestine
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myelosuppression
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bone marrow depression; anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia
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nausea and vomiting
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reaction to radiation ot hte brain (vomiting center located in the brain) or gastorintestinal tract
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pneumonitis
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inflammation of lungs
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xerostomia
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dryness of mouth; occurs after radiation to salivary glands
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pharmocokinetics
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measuring amoutn of drug present over tiem in various body compartments
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protocol
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plan that details the route, scheudle, and frequency of doses administration
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remission
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absence of all signs of disease
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adjuvant
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aid
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apoptosis
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self-destruction
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estrogen receptors
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breast cancers have this; these tumors repsond to removal of estrogen by oophorecotmy or use of antiestrogen drugs like tamoxifen, which block estrogenic efffects
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interferons
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made by lymphocytes; tries to prevent viral replicaiton and induce resistance to vrial antigens
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aduvant therapy
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assistanting primary treament; drugs given early in course of treatment, along with surgery or radition
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anaplasia
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loss of differentiation of cells; reversion to a more primitive cell type
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apoptosis
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programmed cell-death
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grading of tumors
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evaultion of degree of maturity of tumor cells
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linear accelerator
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device that produces high energy x-ray beams for treatment of deep-seated tumors
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mixed-tissue tumors
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tumros compsoed of different types of tissue (epithelial as well as connective tissue)
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modality
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method of treatement
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mutation
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change in genetic material (DNA) fof a cell
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oncogene
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a region of DNA foudn in tumor cells
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pedunculated
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possessing a stem or stalk (peduncle); characteristic of some polypoid tumors
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pharmacokinetics
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study of distribution and removal of drugs form body of period of time
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protocol
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explicit, detailed plan for treatment
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relapse
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return of symptoms of disease
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remission
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absence of symptoms of disease
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sarcoma
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canceorus tumor derived from connective tissue
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sessile
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having no stem; characteristic of some polypoid tumors
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staging o tumors
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system of evaluatin extent of spread of tumors; TNM system (tumor, node,s and mtastasis)
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viral oncogenes
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pieces of DNA from viruses that infect a normal cell and cause it to become malignant
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fung/i
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fungus, mushroom
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scirrh/o
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hard
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scirrhous
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microscopic description of densely packed, fibrous tumor cell composition
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exfoliative cytology
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cells are scraped from the region of suspected disease and examined under a microscope
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laparoscopy
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visual examination of abdominal cavity using small incisions and a laparoscope; also known as peritoneoscopy
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CEA
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carcinoembryonic antigen
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PSA
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prostate-specific antigen
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