Chapter 19 Bacteria & Viruses

Front 1

What is a prokaryote?

Back 1

single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus

Front 2

differences between the two bacteria Kingdoms

Back 2

Archaebacteria has cell walls without peptidoglycan and Eubacteria does

Front 3

three different shapes of bacteria

Back 3

bacilli, cocci, spirilla

Front 4

prefixes of bacteria shapes

Back 4

strepto- and staphylo-

Front 5

suffixes of bacteria shapes

Back 5

–cocci, - bacilli and –spirilla

Front 6

the different methods of obtaining energy for bacteria

Back 6

photoautotrophic, chemoautotrophic, heterotrophic and photoheterotrophic

Front 7

the different methods of releasing energy

Back 7

the obligates aerobes, obligate anaerobes and facultative anaerobes

Front 8

Compare and contrast the two different methods by which bacteria reproduce

Back 8

Binary fission-
conjugation-

Front 9

gram staining

Back 9

consists of two dyes—one violet (the primary stain) and the other red (the counterstain).

Front 10

identifying the different cell walls of Eubacteria

Back 10

Gram-positive and Gram- negative

Front 11

Gram- positive

Back 11

Bacterial cells with a cell wall containing mainly peptidoglycan absorb only the violet dye, so they appear purple under the microscope. These bacteria are called Gram-positive.

Front 12

Gram- negative

Back 12

bacteria have a second, outer, layer of lipid and carbohydrate molecules. This extra layer absorbs only the red stain. These bacteria, which appear pink, are said to be Gram-negative.

Front 13

different methods of movement

Back 13

1. propelled by flagella (tail)
2. snake/spiral forward- “inchworm”
3. glide on slime-like material
4. don’t move at all

Front 14

Relate endospores and bacteria

Back 14

When growth conditions become unfavorable, many bacteria form structures called spores

Front 15

when does an endospore form?

Back 15

when a bacterium produces a thick internal wall that encloses its DNA and a portion of its cytoplasm; can survive a long time and really bad conditions
Anthrax spores/ anthrax bacteria

Front 16

methods bacteria cause diseases for humans

Back 16

Some damage the tissues of the infected organism directly by breaking them down for food. Other bacteria release toxins (poisons) that harm the body.

Front 17

how do antibiotics help in treating bacterial diseases?

Back 17

Antibiotics are compounds that block the growth and reproduction of bacteria.

Front 18

Relate disinfectants and other sterilization techniques to controlling bacteria.

Back 18

Sterilization destroys bacteria by subjecting them either to great heat or to chemical action. A disinfectant is a chemical solution that kills bacteria