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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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modern synthesis |
How natural selection and genetics cause evolution in a population |
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Microevolution |
Studies the small changes that change a population over a period of time |
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Macroevolution |
Looks at what causes a species to diverge over a period of time |
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population genetics |
Looks at different forces that affect frequency of an allele |
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allele frequency |
how often these alleles occur in a population |
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gene pool |
The sum of all of the alleles in a population |
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founder effect |
Causes a change in allele frequency |
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genetic structure |
frequency of different genotypes in a population |
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heritability |
How much of a trait can be attributed to a genetic factor |
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genetic variance |
Different alleles and genotypes that are present in a population |
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inbreeding |
arkansas |
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inbreeding depression |
When inbreeding occurs and brings negative traits |
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selection pressure |
What make a trait beneficial |
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genetic drift |
When some of a population is at the right place at the right time and can breed, but others are not there |
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bottleneck effect |
When a large portion of a population is wiped out by one event (hurricane) |
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gene flow |
the flow of alleles in and out of a population due to migration |
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nonrandom mating |
Some organisms get to mate more because of more favorable traits |
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assortative mating |
When an individual picks a mate that is most similar to us |
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geographical variation |
Geographical separation causes geographical variation |
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Cline |
Gradual change in the traits of a population across a geographic area because of a environmental change |
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adaptive evolution |
Caused by natural selection; good alleles become more prominent, bad alleles show up less and less |
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evolutionary fitness |
How many beneficial traits an individual contributes to the gene pool |
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relative fitness |
How fit they are compared to other members of the population |
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stabilizing selection |
When evolution tends to favor the middle- natural selection favors the average phenotype |
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directional selection |
When one extreme of the variation is selected for |
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diversifying selection |
When distinct phenotypes have their own advantages while the intermediate phenotype is less fit (extremes are more fit than the average) |
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sexual dimorphisms |
Difference between a male and a female that is used to select a mate that allows to attract the mate
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handicap principle |
The more likely they are to reproduce, the more likely they are to die |
