Chapter 19

Front 1

Macro evolution

Back 1

Large scale patterns, rates of change, and trends among lineages

Front 2

Biological species concept

Back 2

Definition of a sexually reproducing species as one or more populations of individuals that interbreed under natural conditions, produce fertile offspring, and are reproductively isolated from other such populations

Front 3

Speciation

Back 3

One of the macro evolutionary processes; formation of daughter species from a population or subpopulation; the parent species the routes vary in their details and duration

Front 4

Gene flow

Back 4

Alleles enter and leave the population

Front 5

Genetic divergence

Back 5

When a population splits into two

Front 6

Reproductive isolating mechanisms

Back 6

Anything that keeps two populations from interbreeding

Front 7

Pre zygote mechanisms

Back 7

Anything that keeps from reproducing before eggs are fertilized

Front 8

Postzygotic mechanism

Back 8

Anything that keeps from producing fertile offspring after the egg is fertilized

Front 9

Mechanical mechanism

Back 9

Sex organs don't work together

Front 10

Behavioral isolation

Back 10

When behavior doesn't lead to reproducing

Front 11

Gamete mortality

Back 11

The egg dies

Front 12

Allopatric speciation

Back 12

Physical barrier arises and separates population

Front 13

Sympatric speciation

Back 13

Occurs inside the home range of a species in the absence of physical barrier

Front 14

Polyploidy

Back 14

Case of somatic cells having three or more of each type of chromosome characteristics of the species

Front 15

Autopolyploidy

Back 15

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Image result for Autopolyploidyen.wikipedia.org

Autopolyploids are polyploids with multiple chromosome sets derived from a single species.

Front 16

Allopolyploid

Back 16

an individual or strain whose chromosomes are composed of more than two genomes each of which has been derived more or less complete but possibly modified from one of two or more species—compare autopolyploid

Front 17

Niche

Back 17

Sumexti total of all activities in relationships in which individuals of the species engage as a secure and use the resources required to survive and reproduce

Front 18

Extinction

Back 18

Loss of a species

Front 19

Mass Extinction

Back 19

Catastrophic event or phase in geological time when families or other major groups are lost

Front 20

Taxonomy

Back 20

Field of biology that identifies, names, and classifies species

Front 21

Six kingdom classification system

Back 21

Bacteria, archaea, Protista, fungi, plantae, and animalia

Front 22

Monophyletic Group

Back 22

A set of species that share a derived trait, a novel feature that evolved in one species and is presently in its descendants all of evolutionary bridging from a single stem

Front 23

Clade

Back 23

All species that share a unique trait

Front 24

Cladogram

Back 24

Evolutionary tree diagram that depicts relative relatedness among groups

Front 25

Cladistics

Back 25

classification in which organisms are categorized based on shared derived characteristics that can be traced to a group's most recent an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized based on shared derived characteristics that can be traced to the groups most common ancestor and are not present in more distant ancestors.