Chapter 19

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direct primary

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a primary in which members of a party nominate its candidates by direct vote.

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initiative

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ans by which a petition signed by a certain minimum number of registered voters can force a public vot

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referendum

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is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal.

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recall

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is a procedure by which voters can remove an elected official from office through a direct vote (plebiscite), before his or her term has ended

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Seventh Amendment

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to the United States Constitution, which is part of the Bill of Rights, codifies the right to a jury trial in certain civil cases

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Samuel M. Jones

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a.k.a. "Golden Rule Jones", lived from August 3, 1846 to 1904 and served as a Progressive Era Mayor of Toledo, Ohio from 1897 to 1904

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Tom Johnson

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was a U.S. Congressman who represented the Maryland's 1st congressional district from January 3, 1959 to January 3, 1963. He lost re-election after criminal charges were brought against him.

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Robert M. La Follette

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was an American Republican (and later a Progressive) politician

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Wisconsin Idea

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is the political philosophy developed in the American state of Wisconsin that fosters public universities' contributions to the state: "to the government in the forms of serving in office, offering advice about public policy, providing information and exercising technical skill, and to the citizens in the forms of doing research directed at solving problems that are important to the state and

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arbitration

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a form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR), is a legal technique for the resolution of disputes outside the courts,

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Teddy Roosevelt

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was the 26th President of the United States

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Square deal

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was President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program formed upon three basic ideas: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection.[

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Elkins Act

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that amended the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887

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Hepburn Act

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is a 1906 United States federal law that gave the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) the power to set maximum railroad rates. This led to the discontinuation of free passes to loyal shippers In addition, the ICC could view the railroads' financial records, a task simplified by standardized bookkeeping systems

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Meat Inspection Act

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was a United States Congress Act that worked to prevent adulterated or misbranded meat and meat products from being sold as food and to ensure that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions. These requirements also apply to imported meat products, which must be inspected under equivalent foreign standards.

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Upton Sinclair

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was an American author who wrote close to 100 books in many genres

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Pure Food and Drug Act

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The Food and Drugs Act of 1906 was the first of more than 200 laws that constitute one of the world's most comprehensive and effective networks of public health and consumer protections. Here are a few of the congressional milestones

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Gifford Pinchot

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was the first Chief of the United States Forest Service (1905–1910) and the 28th Governor of Pennsylvania (1923–1927, 1931–1935). He was a Republican and Progressive.

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Nation Park Service

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is the U.S. federal agency that manages all national parks, many national monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations

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William Taft

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was the 27th President of the United States (1909–1913) and later the tenth Chief Justice of the United States (1921–1930). He is the only person to have served in both offices.

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Mann-Elkins Act

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was a 1910 United States federal law that is among the Progressive era reforms

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Sixteenth Amendement

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to the United States Constitution allows the Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on Census results.

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Payne-Aldrich Tariff

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named for Representative Sereno E. Payne (R-NY) and Senator Nelson W. Aldrich (R-RI), began in the United States House of Representatives as a bill lowering certain tariffs on goods entering the United States

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Richard Ballinger

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was mayor of Seattle, Washington, from 1904–1906 and U.S. Secretary of the Interior from 1909–1911.

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Ballinger-Pinchot affair

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also known as the "Ballinger Affair", was a dispute between U.S. Forest Service Chief Gifford Pinchot and U.S. Secretary of the Interior Richard Achilles Ballinger that contributed to the split of the Republican Party before the 1912 Presidential Election and helped to define the U.S. conservation movement in the early 20th century.

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Joseph Cannon

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was a United States politician from Illinois and leader of the Republican Party.

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George Norris

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was a U.S. politician from the state of Nebraska and a leader of progressive and liberal causes in Congress. He served five terms in the United States House of Representatives as a Republican from 1903 until 1913 and five terms in the United States Senate from 1913 until 1943, four terms as a Republican and the final term as an Independent.

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Progressive Party

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was an American political party. It was formed after a split in the Republican Party between President William Howard Taft and former President Theodore Roosevelt.

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Woodrow Wilson

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was the 28th President of the United States, from 1913 to 1921

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New Freedom

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comprises the campaign speeches and promises of Woodrow Wilson in the 1912 presidential campaign.

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Eugene Debs

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was an American union leader, one of the founding members of the International Labor Union and the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), and several times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States.[1] Through his presidential candidacies, as well as his work with labor movements, Debs eventually became one of the best-known socialists living in the United States.

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Federal Reserve Act

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is an Act of Congress that created and set up the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States of America, and granted it the legal authority to issue Federal Reserve Notes (now commonly known as the U.S. Dollar) and Federal Reserve Bank Notes as legal tender. The Act was signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson.

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Clayton Anitrust act

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The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 (Pub.L. 63-212, 38 Stat. 730, enacted October 15, 1914, codified at 15 U.S.C. §§ 12–27, 29 U.S.C. §§ 52–53), was enacted in the United States to add further substance to the U.S. antitrust law regime by seeking to prevent anticompetitive practices in their incipiency. That regime started with the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, the first Federal law outlawing practices considered harmful to consumers (monopolies, cartels, and trusts)

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Federal Trade commission

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is an independent agency of the United States government, established in 1914 by the Federal Trade Commission Act. Its principal mission is the promotion of consumer protection and the elimination and prevention of what regulators perceive to be harmfully anti-competitive business practices, such as coercive monopoly.

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Adamson Act

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was a United States federal law passed in 1916 that established an eight-hour workday, with additional pay for overtime work, for interstate railroad workers.

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Keating-Owen Child Labor Act

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The Keating-Owen Child Labor Act of 1916 also known as Wick's Bill, was a statute enacted by the U.S. Congress which sought to address the perceived evils of child labor by prohibiting the sale in interstate commerce of goods manufactured by children in the United States, thus giving an expanded importance to the constitutional clause giving Congress the task of regulating interstate commerce. The bill was named for its sponsors, Edward Keating and Robert Latham Owen. It

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Nation American Woman Suffrage Association

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was an American women's rights organization formed in May 1890 as a unification of the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) and the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA)

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Alice Paul

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Alice Paul was the architect of some of the most outstanding political achievements on behalf of women in the 20th century. Born on January 11, 1885 to Quaker parents in Mt. Laurel, New Jersey, Alice Paul dedicated her life to the single cause of securing equal rights for all women.

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Carrie Catt

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was a women's suffrage leader who campaigned for the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution which gave U.S. women the right to vote in 1920.

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19th Amendent

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The Constitution allows states to determine the qualifications for voting, and until the 1910s most states disenfranchised women. The amendment was the culmination of the women's suffrage movement, which fought at both state and national levels to achieve the vote.