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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Inferior Courts |
the lower federal courts, beneath the Supreme Court |
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Jurisdiction |
the authority of a court to hear a case |
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Concurrent Jurisdiction |
power shared by federal and State courts to hear certain cases |
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Plaintiff |
the party who brings a suit or some other legal action against another in court |
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Defendant |
the person against whom a court action is brought by the plaintiff; in a criminal case, the person charged with the crime |
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Original Jurisdiction |
the power of a court to hear a case first, before any other court |
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Appellate Jurisdiction |
the authority of a court to review decisions of inferior courts |
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Judicial Restraint |
a judicial philosophy in which supporters believe that judges should decide cases based on the original intent of the Framers or on precedent |
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Precedent |
a court decision that stands as an example to be followed in future, similar cases |
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Judicial Activisim |
a judicial philosophy in which supporters believe that judges interpret and apply provisions in the Constitution in light of ongoing changes in conditions/values |
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Criminal Case |
a case in which a defendant is tried for committing a crime defined by the law |
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Civil Case |
a case involving a noncriminal matter such as a contract dispute or a claim of patent infringement |
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Docket |
a court's list of cases to be heard |
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Record |
a transcript of proceedings made in trial court |
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Litigant |
a party to a case (plaintiff/defendant) |
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Writ of Certiorati |
an order by a higher court directing a lower court to send up the record in a given case for review |
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Certificate |
a method of putting a case before the Supreme Court; lower court asks Supreme Court to certify the answer to a specific question |
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Brief |
a detailed written statement filed with the Court before oral arguments are presented |
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Majority Opinion |
the Court's decision in a case and its reasoning |
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Concurring Opinion |
an explanation of the views of judges who support a majority decision but want to add or emphasize a point |
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Dissenting Opinion |
an explanation of the views of judges who disagree with the majority decision |
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Court-martial |
a court composed of military personnel, for the trial of those accused of violating military law |
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Civilian Tribunal |
a court operating as part of the judicial branch, entirely separate from the military establishment |
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Redress |
satisfaction of a claim payment |
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Appeal |
a request to go to a higher court |
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Constitutional Courts |
exercise judicial powers of US |
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Special Courts |
hear cases regarding powers of Congress |
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US Attorney |
government's prosecutor |
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US Marshal |
serves district courts with duties like that of a sheriff |
