Chapter 18 Test

Front 1

What is the study of the structures of the human body and their positional relationships to others?

Back 1

Anatomy

Front 2

What is the relatively stable conditions of the body's internal environment within a very limited range?

Back 2

Homeostasis

Front 3

Which of the following best describes the total of all the physical and chemical processes that occur in an organism and result in growth, generation of energy, elimination of wastes, and other bodily functions?

Back 3

Metabolism

Front 4

Which of the following best describes how the body functions in normal body processes?

Back 4

Physiology

Front 5

The plane that divides the body into superior and inferior halves is the

Back 5

Transverse Plane (horizontal plane)

Front 6

The plane that passes through the body parallel to the median plane is the

Back 6

Sagittal Plane

Front 7

The plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior halves is the

Back 7

Frontal Plane (Coronal Plane)

Front 8

The plane that divides the body into right and left halves is the

Back 8

Midsagittal Plane (Median Plane)

Front 9

If you were to assume the anatomical position, you would do which of the following?

Back 9

Stand erect and face forward, with your palms facing forward with the thumbs to the side, and your feet about hip distance apart with the toes pointing forward.

Front 10

Which of the following is in the proper order from least complex to most complex?

Back 10

Chemicals, Cells, Tissue, Organs, Organ Systems, Organism

Front 11

What is the fundamental unit of all living organisms?

Back 11

Cell

Front 12

What is a group of similar cells that act together to preform a specific function?

Back 12

Tissue

Front 13

The term "sagittal section of the brain" means that the brain was cut

Back 13

Into right and left parts

Front 14

Which of the following parts of a cell is considered its power plant because it is a site for cellular respiration and provides most of a cell's adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

Back 14

Mitochondria

Front 15

Which of the following parts of a cell is the largest and most obvious organelle and is the control center of the cell, directing nearly all metabolic activities?

Back 15

Nucleus

Front 16

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes?

Back 16

Lysosome

Front 17

What part of the cell separates the cytoplasm from the surrounding external environment?

Back 17

Cell membrane

Front 18

What is the gel-like intracellular fluid within the cell membrane?

Back 18

Cytoplasm

Front 19

What is the movement of a pure solvent such as water from an area of low concentration (most dilute) to an area of high concentration (least dilute), continuing until the two concentrations equalize?

Back 19

Osmosis

Front 20

Movement of particles across the cellular membrane due to pressure is called

Back 20

Filtration

Front 21

What is the process by which specialized cells ingest harmful microorganisms and cellular debris, break them down, and expel the harmless remains back into the body?

Back 21

Phagocytosis

Front 22

Which membrane lines the joint cavities of freely moving joints?

Back 22

Synovial

Front 23

Which membrane lines openings to the outside of the body?

Back 23

Mucous

Front 24

Which membrane lines closed body cavities that do not open to the outside of the body?

Back 24

Serous

Front 25

Which of the following is the movement of molecules, or other particles, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, continuing until the distribution of particles is equal in all areas?

Back 25

Diffusion

Front 26

Which of the following pertains to the back of a structure?

Back 26

Posterior

Front 27

Which of the following quadrants contains the liver?

Back 27

Right upper quadrant

Front 28

Which of the following is oriented toward or near the midline of the body?

Back 28

Medial

Front 29

That which is located above or toward the head end is called

Back 29

Superior

Front 30

When oriented away from the midline of the body, we refer to it as

Back 30

Lateral

Front 31

______ pertains to the front side of a structure

Back 31

Anterior

Front 32

_____ pertains to the outside surface or surrounding external area of a structure

Back 32

Peripheral

Front 33

That which is below or toward the tail end is known as

Back 33

Inferior

Front 34

Which of the following quadrants contains the appendix?

Back 34

right lower quadrant

Front 35

______ is farthest from a point of reference

Back 35

Distal

Front 36

_____ is nearest to the point of reference

Back 36

Proximal

Front 37

_____ pertains to the mouth region

Back 37

Oral

Front 38

_____ describes the armpit region

Back 38

Axillary

Front 39

_______ is the space in front of the elbow or at the bend of the elbow

Back 39

Antecubital

Front 40

_____ is the anterior trunk between the thorax and plevis

Back 40

Abdominal

Front 41

______ pertains to the fingers and/ or toes

Back 41

Digital

Front 42

____ pertains to the thigh area, between the hip and the knee

Back 42

Femoral

Front 43

_____ pertains to the cheek area

Back 43

Buccal

Front 44

_____ pertains to the forearm, between the wrist and the elbow

Back 44

Antebrachial

Front 45

____ refers to the arm between the shoulder and the elbow

Back 45

Brachial

Front 46

_____ refers to the ribs

Back 46

Costal

Front 47

_____ pertains to the neck area

Back 47

Cervical

Front 48

_____ refers to the palm or anterior surface of the hand

Back 48

Palmar

Front 49

___ pertains to the eye area

Back 49

Orbital

Front 50

____ pertains to the posterior leg

Back 50

Calf

Front 51

_____ refers to the posterior and inferior surfaces of the head

Back 51

Occipital

Front 52

____ refers to the foot/feet

Back 52

Pedal

Front 53

_____ is the posterior aspect of the knee

Back 53

Popliteal

Front 54

___ pertains to the bottom surface or sole of the foot

Back 54

Plantar

Front 55

_____ refers to the shoulder blade area

Back 55

Scapular

Front 56

____ pertains to the low back, between the ribs and the hips

Back 56

Lumbar

Front 57

Shaped like "Y" or "H"

Back 57

Cardiac Muscle

Front 58

Multinucleated

Back 58

Skeletal Muscle

Front 59

Adapted for long, strained contractions

Back 59

Smooth Muscle

Front 60

Its many nuclei are located near the periphery of the cell

Back 60

Skeletal Muscle

Front 61

The shape of this muscle cell allows them to fit together and create the spherical shape of a hollow organ

Back 61

Cardiac Muscle

Front 62

Also referred to as visceral muscle

Back 62

Smooth Muscle

Front 63

Contains bands of red and white material, causing it to appear striated

Back 63

Skeletal Muscle

Front 64

Forms the walls of hollow organs and tubes, such as the stomach, bladder, uterus, and blood vessels

Back 64

Smooth Muscle

Front 65

Located in the heart wall

Back 65

Cardiac Muscle

Front 66

Consumes very little energy

Back 66

Smooth Muscle

Front 67

Also known as voluntary muscle or striated

Back 67

Skeletal Muscle

Front 68

Contains intercalated disks between each muscle cell

Back 68

Cardiac Muscle

Front 69

Spindle shaped (pointed at both ends)

Back 69

Smooth Muscle

Front 70

Cigar Shaped

Back 70

Skeletal Muscle

Front 71

Contains one oval-shaped nucleus

Back 71

Smooth Muscle

Front 72

Contains the cranial and the spinal cavities

Back 72

Dorsal Cavity

Front 73

Includes thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Back 73

Ventral Cavity

Front 74

Located more anteriorly

Back 74

Ventral Cavity

Front 75

Contains the heart, lungs, and digestive organs

Back 75

Ventral Cavity

Front 76

Contains the brain

Back 76

Dorsal Cavity

Front 77

Contains the liver, stomach, and spleen

Back 77

Ventral Cavity

Front 78

Contains the spinal cord

Back 78

Dorsal Cavity

Front 79

Located more posteriorly

Back 79

Dorsal Cavity

Front 80

Contains the small intestines

Back 80

Ventral Cavity

Front 81

Odd-shaped cells that detect the transmit electrical signals

Back 81

Nervous tissue

Front 82

Examples are tendons and ligaments

Back 82

Connective Tissue

Front 83

Specialized for contractions or stretching

Back 83

Muscular Tissue

Front 84

Possesses characteristics of excitability and conductability

Back 84

Nervous Tissue

Front 85

Examples are blood and bones

Back 85

Connective Tissue

Front 86

Comprises the lining of stomach

Back 86

Epithelial Tissue

Front 87

Interprets the perceived information and provides a response

Back 87

Nervous Tissue

Front 88

Constitutes the lining of the urinary bladder

Back 88

Epithelial Tissue

Front 89

Examples are adipose and fascia

Back 89

Connective Tissue

Front 90

Most abundant tissue of the body

Back 90

Connective Tissue

Front 91

Located in the brain and spinal cord

Back 91

Nervous Tissue

Front 92

Lines or covers the internal and the external organs of the body

Back 92

Epithelial Tissue

Front 93

Types are smooth, cardiac, and skeletal

Back 93

Muscular Tissue

Front 94

Provides higher mental functioning and emotional responsiveness

Back 94

Nervous Tissue

Front 95

Consists of the skin, hair, nails, and oil and sweat glands

Back 95

Integumentary System

Front 96

Composed of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints

Back 96

Skeletal System

Front 97

Functions are ingestion, digestion, absorption, and defecation

Back 97

Digestive System

Front 98

Includes the trachea, bronchi, and lungs

Back 98

Respiratory System

Front 99

Composed of numerous glands and their hormones

Back 99

Endocrine System

Front 100

Prevents hemorrhage by clotting mechanisms

Back 100

Circulatory System

Front 101

Includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Back 101

Nervous System

Front 102

Includes the blood, heart, and blood vessels

Back 102

Circulatory System

Front 103

Maintains the body during times of stress

Back 103

Endocrine System

Front 104

Houses the mechanism of blood formation

Back 104

Skeletal System

Front 105

Interprets and integrates all stimuli

Back 105

Nervous System

Front 106

Transports and distributes gases, nutrients, antibodies, waste materials, and hormones

Back 106

Circulatory System

Front 107

Regulates blood pH and its chemical composition

Back 107

Urinary System

Front 108

Creates movement, produces heat, and maintains posture

Back 108

Muscular System

Front 109

Produces offspring and propagates the species

Back 109

Reproductive System

Front 110

Which is distal to the other, the elbow or the wrist?

Back 110

Wrist

Front 111

Which is lateral o the other, the ilium or the umbilicus?

Back 111

Ilium

Front 112

Which is superior to the other, the forehead or the chin?

Back 112

Forehead

Front 113

Which is medial tothe other, the nose or the eyes?

Back 113

Nose

Front 114

Which is superficial to the other, the scalp or the skull

Back 114

Scalp

Front 115

Which is anterior to the other, the heart of the vertebral column?

Back 115

Heart

Front 116

Metabolism

Back 116

Physical and chemical processes of the organism

Front 117

Anabolism

Back 117

Constructive phase of smaller molecules being built to larger molecules

Front 118

Catabolism

Back 118

Destructive phase of larger molecules to smaller molecules

Front 119

Filtration

Back 119

Movement of water molecules across a cell membrane due to pressure

Front 120

Diffusion

Back 120

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to and area of low concentration until equal

Front 121

Osmosis

Back 121

Movement of a pure solvent from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration until equalm

Front 122

Massage

Back 122

Mechanical manipulation of soft tissue for physical and mental well being and health

Front 123

Pinocytosis

Back 123

Cell Drinking. Cell process that uses a piece of cell membrane to wrap a liquid molecule and then pulls it inside cell; once inside, wrapped molecule fuses with a lysosomes, which proceeds to coat it with digestive enzymes and digest it.

Front 124

Phagocytosis

Back 124

Cell Eating. The process by which specialized cells ingest harmful microorganisms and cellular debris, break them down, and expel the harmless remains back into the body.