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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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3 Antimicrobial substances that serve as skin defenses
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Sebum
Sweat Antimicrobial peptides in epithelial cells |
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What kind of surface does the skin have? (what protein)
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Kretanized surface
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The constant sloughing off of skin cells occur from ...
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stratum corneum
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Definition of acne...
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All follicle-associated lesions
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What might skin be prone to acne?
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Overproduction of sebum when the sebaceous gland is stimulated by hormones
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Propionibacterium acnes definition...
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follicle releases lipases to digest the oil surplus, results in intense local inflammation that can eventually burst the follicle
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Impetigo definition
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Superficial bacterial infection that causes skin to peel or flake off
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Is impetigo contagious?
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highly contagious
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Who is impetigo usually seen in
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children
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What causes impetigo?
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Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes
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Where are impetigo lesions usually found?
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Lesions usually found around mouth, face, and extremities
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What is a furnucle?
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Infected hair follicle
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What is furnucle caused by?
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Staphylococcus aureus
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What forms with furnucle?
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Abscess (aka boils)
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What is a carbuncle? How big can it become?
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Aggregation of furuncles; many cm in size
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Cellulitis
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fast-spreading infection in the dermis and the subcutaneous tissues
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What is cellulitis most commonly caused by?
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Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes
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What does cellulitis cause?
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pain, tenderness, swelling, and warmth
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Name 4 Streptococcal Skin Infections and what each one does please.
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Cellulitis – destruction of solid tissue
Myositis – destruction of muscle Necrotizing fasciitis – destruction of muscle covering (caused by exotoxin A) |
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Streptococcal Scalded Skin Syndromes(SSSS)
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Dermolytic condition caused by Staphylococcus aureus (mostly in newborns and babies)
Bullous lesions – wide vesicle filled with clear fluid Desquamation of the skin |
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Gas Gangrene is caused by...
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Clostridium perfringens
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What kind of agent is Clostridium perfringens?
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Etiologic Agent
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Where does Gas Gangrene occur? Like how?
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Occurs in wounds where blood supply is interrupted (Ischemia) – anaerobic
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How does C. perfringens take over body?
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C. perfringens grows, and metabolizes body tissues using enzymes
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What gas is produced by fermentation in gas gangrene?
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CO2
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Methods of treatment for Gas gangrene
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Amputation
Remove necrotic tissue Penicillin to kill bacteria Hyperbaric chamber |
There are 4
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Human herpes virus 1 results in
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Cold sores or fever blisters (vesicles on lips)
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Herpes gladiatorum transmission and result?
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-transmitted by skin contact among wrestlers
-vesicles on skin |
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Herpes whitlow transmission and result?
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(vesicles on fingers) – nurses, physicians and dentists
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HHV-1 can reamin latent in?
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trigeminal nerve ganglia
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Herpes simplex 2 virus causes..
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genital herpes
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Types of herpes in HHV-1?
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Herpes gladiatorum
Herpes whitlow |
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Types of herpes in Herpes simplex 2
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Herpes encephalitis
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Herpes encephalitis FATALITY RATE?
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70%
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HHV-2 can remain latent in...
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sacral nerve ganglia
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What may lessen symptoms in HHV-2?
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Acyclovir
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Chickepox-(Varicella)
Localization? Caused by what virus? Transmission? Result? Latency? |
Caused by Varicella-zoster virus (Human herpes virus 3)
Chickenpox is a relatively mild childhood disease Transmitted by the respiratory route Virus localizes in skin cells causing pus-filled vesicles Virus may remain latent in dorsal root ganglia |
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Chickenpox in stages? (What happens)
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Fever and abundant rash that begins on scalp, face, and trunk; radiates in sparse crops to the extremities (centripetal distribution)
Lesions form macules and papules to itchy vesicles filled with a clear fluid In several days, encrust and drop off In immunocompromised people, can be life threatening |
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Shingles (Entryway)
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the virus enters the sensory endings that innervate dermatomes and becomes latent- then reemerges
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Smallpox- occurrence? stages?
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Naturally occurring smallpox no longer occurs, but may be a bioterrorism threat
Fever and malaise, then a rash in the pharynx Spreads to the face and progresses to the extremities Initially a macular rash, then turns to papular, vesicular, and pustular before crusting over |
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2 forms of smallpox..virulence? and what does it cause?
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Variola minor
Variola major Highly virulent Causes toxemia, shock, and intravascular coagulation |
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Measles- Transmission? Results in (stages)? prevented by?
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Transmitted by respiratory route
Sore throat, dry cough, headache, conjunctivitis, lymphadenitis, and fever Erupts on the head then progresses to the trunk and extremities until most of the body is covered Macular rash and Koplik's spots (lesions of the oral cavity) Prevented by vaccination (MMR) |
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Complications from Measles?
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- Laryngitis
-Pneumonia -Secondary bacterial infections -Encephalitis in 1 in 1000 cases -Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in 1 in 1,000,000 cases |
5
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Rubella AKA
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German measles
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Two forms of German Measles
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Postnatal infection
Congenital infection |
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Transmission of German Measles
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Transmission of virus to a fetus in utero
Mother can transmit the virus even if she is asymptomatic ***Fetal injury varies depending on the time of infections |
Don't forget fetal injury!
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Roseola- commonality? how does it proceed in stages?
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Common in young children and babies
Most cases proceed without the rash stage; others result in maculopapular rash High fever Fourth day, fever disappears, and rash can appear |
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Warts- AKA, affect who?, what kind of growth?, various types?
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Also known as papillomas
Affect children more than adults Benign squamous epithelial growths Various types Seed warts Genital warts Plantar warts |
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Warts are caused by?
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Papillomaviruses
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Warts Transmission and Treatment
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Transmitted by direct contact
Treatment: Removal Cryotherapy – liquid nitrogen Electrodessication – dry with electrical current Burn off with acids Imiquimod (stimulate interferon production) Interferon injections Lasers |
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Cutaneous Anthrax- commonality? Caused by? Stages?
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Most common and least dangerous version of infection with Bacillus anthracis
Caused by endospores entering the skin through small cuts or abrasions Papule that becomes increasingly necrotic then ruptures to form a black eschar |
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Conjuctiva
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thin membrane-like tissue that covers the eye (except for the cornea) and line the eyelids
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Cornea
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the dome-shaped central portion of the eye lying over the iris
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Conjunctivitis- commonality? caused by? infection of?
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Infection of the conjunctiva
Fairly common Can be caused by specific microorganisms, contaminants, or accidental inoculation of the eye |
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Inflammation and discharge in conjunctivitis
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Bacterial infections- milky discharge
Viral infections- clear exudate |
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Trachoma- caused by? infection of? Results in?
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Chronic Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the epithelial cells of the eye
Major cause of blindness in certain parts of the world First signs of infection- mild conjunctival discharge and slight inflammation of the conjunctiva |
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Keratitis- what does it affect?, caused by? Severity?
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More serious infection
Scarring of the cornea Herpes keratitis Acanthamoeba |
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Trachoma- infiltrates? What kind of appearance?
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Infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages
- As these cells build up, they impart a pebbled appearance to the inner aspect of the upper eyelid |
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