Chapter 18 Flash Cards

Front 1

Island Communities

Back 1

Communities that are self-sufficient and isolated. Mostly brought to an end with railroads

Front 2

Credit Mobiler

Back 2

A construction company controlled by Union Pacific that was the center of a political scandal. They found loopholes to build fast, recklessly, and even into indian territory.

Front 3

Trunk Lines

Back 3

Railroad lines that ran from essential city to essential city. They were the B&O railroad, the Erie Railroad, the New York Central Railroad, and the Pennsylvania Railroad

Front 4

Railroad gague

Back 4

The distance between the insides of the two railroad rails.

Front 5

J Edgar Tompson

Back 5

The man who was president of the Pennsylvania railroad and invested largely in Carnegie.

Front 6

Thomas Scott

Back 6

The fourth president of the Pennsylvania railroad took in the young Carnegie as a telegraph operator.

Front 7

JP Morgan

Back 7

James Pierpont Morgan was an American banker. He refinanced dying railroad businesses and made them more effective. These were mostly in the south and he became a leading figure in american railroading.

Front 8

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Back 8

Also known as "The Commodore," he was the owner of the New York Central railroad and one of the richest men of his time.

Front 9

JD Rockefeller

Back 9

The founder and owner of the Standard Oil company. He absorbed or destroyed all competition and became one of the richest men in the world.

Front 10

Andrew Carnegie

Back 10

The founder of the Carnegie Steel company. He used vertical integration, or owning every step of his steel making process, to make an enormous profit.

Front 11

American railway association

Back 11

The American Railway association divided the country into four time zones to help them with keeping up with train times.

Front 12

George Pullman

Back 12

An American inventor who is known best for his invention of the "Pullman Sleeping Car."

Front 13

Vertical Integration

Back 13

A company makes more money in this process, which involves the company owning and making profit from each aspect of the production of their product.

Front 14

Horizontal Consolidation

Back 14

When two similar businesses combine to make one business that produces the products of both.

Front 15

Union Pacific and Central Pacific

Back 15

Two major railroads both made to be transcontinental railroads from Pacific to Atlantic railroads.

Front 16

Transcontinental Railroad

Back 16

The railroads linking both coasts of the nation, from the Pacific to the Atlantic.

Front 17

Bessemer Process

Back 17

Developed by Henry Bessemer, it is the process of making steel that involves shooting a blast of air through molten iron to remove impurities

Front 18

"Trusts"

Back 18

A method of business organization that was developed by Rockefeller.

Front 19

Knights of Labor

Back 19

A labor union founded by Uriah H. Stephens that dreamed of a worker utopia and welcomed all into their ranks, no matter sex, ethnicity, or line of work.

Front 20

US steel corporation

Back 20

Carnegie's steel company when it was bought by JP Morgan.

Front 21

AFL

Back 21

The American Federation of Labor was the most successful labor union who welcomed all, but unlike the Knights of Labor, they had realistic goals.

Front 22

Henry Clay Frick

Back 22

Partner to Carnegie, he helped to suppress the Homestead Strike.

Front 23

Homestead Strike

Back 23

A strike that began at the Homestead plant, which belonged to Carnegie. Eventually the rioting workers were dispersed with the help of Frick.

Front 24

Cyrus Field

Back 24

The inventor of the telegraph

Front 25

Alexander Grahm Bell

Back 25

The inventor of the telephone

Front 26

Chinese Exclusion act

Back 26

In response to all of the chinese immigrants taking jobs from Americans, it prohibited chinese immigration for ten years.

Front 27

Haymarket Riot

Back 27

A riot of angry workers at Haymarket Square. Initially it was peaceful, but then someone threw a dynamite bomb. it make the labor movement weaker.

Front 28

Northern Securities Company

Back 28

A railroad trust formed in 1902 that filed suit against Rockefeller when he moved to New Jersey

Front 29

Pullman Strike

Back 29

A strike in Pullman, Illinois that was workers against the railroad companies. 1894

Front 30

George Eastman

Back 30

The developer of easier film and the Kodiak camera.

Front 31

Thomas Edison

Back 31

The "Wizard of Menlo Park," He was a great american inventor. He invented the phonograph, incandescent lamp, and more

Front 32

Chain Store

Back 32

Stores that pop up everywhere. For example, Wal-mart.

Front 33

Mail Order Catalogs

Back 33

A catalog in which someone may order what they want, send the check, and have it delivered to their door.

Front 34

Rise in Advertising.

Back 34

In 1900, businessmen spent ten times as much in advertising as 1867. The first advertising company was N. W. Ayer and Son.

Front 35

Muller v Oregon

Back 35

A supreme court case which justified sex discrimination in the workplace.

Front 36

Brandeis Brief

Back 36

The data collected by Louis Brandeis which proved to the supreme court of its time that women were physically inferior.

Front 37

Holden v. Hardy

Back 37

A court case that upheld the hours for miners and prevented them from going longer due to dangerous conditions

Front 38

Lochner v New York

Back 38

Struck down a law passed limiting hours in a bakery.

Front 39

The great railroad strike of 1877

Back 39

When the railroad cut its worker's wages, they were met with this riot and strike from its workers

Front 40

Upton Sinclair

Back 40

An american author who's works contributed to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug act and the Meat Inspection Act. Specifically, he wrote the book "The Jungle."

Front 41

"The Jungle"

Back 41

Written by Upton Sinclair, it showed the horrors of the meat processing plant.

Front 42

Jacob Riis

Back 42

A danish american journalist who helped with the establishment of "Model Tenements" with his works.