Chapter 18: Eyes And Ears

Front 1

sclera

Back 1

tough white outer coat of the eyeball

Front 2

conjunctiva

Back 2

membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeball

Front 3

cornea

Back 3

transparent anterior part of the eye

Front 4

choroid

Back 4

the middle, vascular coat of the eye, between the sclera and the retina

Front 5

iris

Back 5

pigmented membrane behind the cornea, perforated by the pupil

Front 6

pupil

Back 6

opening in the center through which light enters the eye

Front 7

lens

Back 7

transparent body separating the posterior chamber and constituting the refracting mechanism of the eye

Front 8

ciliary muscle

Back 8

eye muscle capable of changing lens shape during contraction and relaxation

Front 9

aqueous humor

Back 9

watery liquid in chamber in front of the lens; it circulates through the anterior chamber of the eye

Front 10

vitreous humor

Back 10

jellylike transparent substance in the posterior chamber

Front 11

retina

Back 11

innermost layer of the eyeball, containing elements for reception and transmission of visual stimuli

Front 12

amblyopia (am'-ble-o-pe-ah)

Back 12

dimness of vision without a detectable organic lesion of the eye; related to absence, weakness, or paralysis of an eye muscle

Front 13

astigmatism

Back 13

condition characterized by irregular cornea and lens of the eye; corrected with lenses

Front 14

blepharitis (blef'-ah-ri-tis)

Back 14

drooping of upper eyelid

Front 15

cataract

Back 15

opaque lens of eye

Front 16

chalazion (kah-la-ze-on)

Back 16

a small eyelid mass resulting from chronic inflammation of a meibomian gland

Front 17

color blindness

Back 17

popular term for any deviation from normal perception of color

Front 18

conjunctivitis

Back 18

inflammation of the conjunctiva

Front 19

corneal ulcer

Back 19

a local inflammation of the cornea caused by injury or inflammation

Front 20

dacryoadenitis (dak'-re-o-ad'-e-ni-tis)

Back 20

inflammation of a lacrimal gland

Front 21

dacryocystitis (dak-re-o-sis-ti-tis)

Back 21

inflammation of the lacrimal sac

Front 22

dacryolith

Back 22

a lacrimal calculus

Front 23

detached retina

Back 23

separation of the inner layers of the retina from the pigment epithelium

Front 24

diabetic retinopathy

Back 24

scarring of the capillaries of the retina as a consequence of diabetes mellitus of long duration

Front 25

floaters (in vitreous)

Back 25

"spots before the eyes"; these deposits in the vitreous of the eye usually move about and are probably a benign degenerative change. Also seen in hypertension

Front 26

foreign body in the eye

Back 26

any object not belonging to the eye; hazards depending on circumstances

Front 27

glaucoma

Back 27

eye disease characterized by an increase in intraocular pressure related to alterations in circulation of vitreous humor, causing pathologic changes and visual defect

Front 28

hemorrhage (subconjunctival)

Back 28

blood escaping from the vessels, and bleeding from beneath the conjunctiva

Front 29

herpes zoster (ophthalmic)

Back 29

involving the fifth cranial nerve (forehead, eyelid, and cornea), this infection by a herpes virus can be serious

Front 30

hyperopia

Back 30

farsightedness, e.g., the person cannot read a book

Front 31

iritis

Back 31

inflammation of the iris

Front 32

keratoconus (ker-ah-to-ko-nus)

Back 32

conical protrusion of the central part of the cornea

Front 33

macular degeneration

Back 33

deterioration of the macula of the eye, resulting in a severe loss of central vision in the affected eye

Front 34

meibomian cyst

Back 34

a small localized swelling of the eyelid resulting from obstruction and retained secretions

Front 35

nystagmus (nis-tag-mus)

Back 35

involuntary rapid movement (horizontal, vertical, rotary, or mixed, i.e., of two types) of the eyeball

Front 36

papilledema

Back 36

edema of the optic disk

Front 37

presbyopia

Back 37

diminution of accommodation of the lens of the eye caused by loss of elasticity, normally occurring with aging; farsightedness

Front 38

ptosis (to-sis)

Back 38

drooping of upper eyelid

Front 39

retinitis

Back 39

inflammation of the retina

Front 40

retinoblastoma

Back 40

a tumor arising from the retinal cells

Front 41

retinopathy

Back 41

any disease of the retina

Front 42

strabismus (strah-biz-mus)

Back 42

squint; deviation of the eye from normal; crossed eyes; usually correctable

Front 43

stye (or hordeolum)

Back 43

inflammation of the sebaceous glands of the eyelid

Front 44

trachoma

Back 44

a contagious disease of the conjunctiva and cornea, producing photophobia, pain, and lacrimation; uncommon

Front 45

uveitis

Back 45

inflammation of the uvea (iris and blood vessels)

Front 46

cataract extraction

Back 46

a surgical excision of the lens of the eye; special lenses or glasses are prescribed

Front 47

cryoextraction

Back 47

application of extremely low temperature for the removal of a cataractous lens

Front 48

cryoretinopexy

Back 48

fixation of a detached retina using extremely low temperature instead of the laser beam

Front 49

dacryocystotomy (dak'-re-o-sis-tot-o-me)

Back 49

incision of the lacrimal sac and duct

Front 50

enucleation

Back 50

surgical removal of the eye

Front 51

fundoscopy

Back 51

examination and study of the fundus of the eye by means of an ophthalmoscope

Front 52

gonioscopy

Back 52

instrument for demonstrating ocular motility and rotation

Front 53

iridectomy

Back 53

excision of part of the iris

Front 54

iridencleisis (ir'-i-den-kli-sis)

Back 54

excision of part of the iris in glaucoma

Front 55

keratoplasty

Back 55

plastic surgery of the cornea; corneal grafting

Front 56

laser photocoagulation

Back 56

using the laser beam to treat retinal detachment

Front 57

pterygium surgery

Back 57

growth of the conjunctiva: neovascularization that invades the cornea; it can be removed surgically

Front 58

slit lamp

Back 58

and instrument used in ophthalmology for examining the conjunctiva, lens, vitreous humor, iris, and cornea; a high-intensity beam of light is projected through a narrow slit and a cross-section of the illuminated part of the eye is examined through a magnifying lens

Front 59

tonometer

Back 59

instrument for measuring tension or pressure, especially intraocular pressure

Front 60

tonometry

Back 60

measurement of tension or pressure, e.g., intraocular pressure

Front 61

trabeculectomy

Back 61

excision of fibrous bands or connective tissue

Front 62

vitrectomy

Back 62

aspiration of vitreous fluid and replacement with saline solution

Front 63

accommodation

Back 63

adjustment of the eye for seeing objects at various distances

Front 64

anisocoria (an'-i-so-ko-re-ah)

Back 64

inequality in size of the pupils of the eyes

Front 65

canal of Schlemm

Back 65

opening through which aqueous humor must flow out or pressure in the eye increases, resulting in glaucoma

Front 66

canthus (pl. canthi)

Back 66

the angle at either end of the fissure between the eyelids

Front 67

CC

Back 67

with correction (glasses or lenses)

Front 68

cryoprobe

Back 68

an instrument for applying extreme cold to tissue

Front 69

cystitome

Back 69

and instrument for opening the lens capsule

Front 70

diopter

Back 70

unit of measure for lenses

Front 71

electronystagmography

Back 71

recording of eye movements to provide objective documentation of induced and spontaneous nystagmus

Front 72

emmetropia

Back 72

normal vision

Front 73

fundus

Back 73

back portion of the interior of the eyeball, visible through the pupil by use of the ophthalmoscope

Front 74

fundoscope or ophthalmoscope

Back 74

an instrument containing a perforated mirror and lense used to examine the interior of the eye

Front 75

lacrimation

Back 75

secretion and discharge of tears

Front 76

laser

Back 76

a device that transfers light of various frequencies into an extremely intense, small beam of radiation; it is used as a tool in surgery, diagnosis, and physiologic studies

Front 77

lensometer

Back 77

device for obtaining eyeglass prescriptions

Front 78

miotic or myotic

Back 78

a drug that causes contraction of the pupil

Front 79

mydriatic

Back 79

a drug that dilates the pupil

Front 80

OD or oculus dexter

Back 80

abbreviation and term for "right eye"

Front 81

OS or oculus sinister

Back 81

abbreviation and term for "left eye"

Front 82

OU or oculus uterque/oculus unitas

Back 82

abbreviation and term for each eye/both eyes, respectively

Front 83

peripheral vision

Back 83

vision at the outer edges when the eyes are looking straight ahead

Front 84

acronym for pupils equal, round, react to light, accommodation

Back 84

PERRLA

Front 85

SC

Back 85

without correction (glasses or lenses)

Front 86

Snellen eye chart

Back 86

one of several charts used in testing visual acuity; letters, numbers, or symbols are arranged on the charge in decreasing size from top to bottom

Front 87

visual acuity (VA)

Back 87

clarity or clearness of vision

Front 88

external ear

Back 88

auricle (or pinna) or ear canal

Front 89

middle ear

Back 89

separated from external ear by the tympanic membrane; consists of three bones: malleus, incus, and stapes

Front 90

inner ear

Back 90

the complex inner structure of the ear: vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea, composing the membranous labyrinth

Front 91

tympanic membrane

Back 91

the thin partition between the external acoustic meatus and the middle ear

Front 92

tympanum

Back 92

eardrum (middle ear)

Front 93

cerumen

Back 93

ear wax

Front 94

Eustachian tube (u-stay-shen)

Back 94

a tube, lined with mucous membrane, that joins the nasopharynx and the tympanic cavity; accomplishes equalization of air pressure

Front 95

acoustic neuroma

Back 95

a benign tumor arising from the acoustic nerve in the brain that causes tinnitus, vertigo, and decreased hearing; small tumors may be surgically resected or removed by radiation therapy

Front 96

cholesteatoma (koh-les-tee'-ah-toh-mah)

Back 96

a collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear; these cyst-like masses are most often the result of chronic otitis media but may also be a congenital defect; can lead to conductive hearing loss, occlusion of the middle ear, destruction of ossicles, and inner ear erosion; symptoms include weakness of facial muscles, drainage from the affected ear, vertigo, and earache

Front 97

conduction deafness

Back 97

hearing loss that occurs when the conduction of sound waves through the external and middle ear to the inner ear is impaired

Front 98

deafness

Back 98

lacking the sense of hearing; hearing impairment

Front 99

Eustachian salpingitis

Back 99

inflammation of the tube joining the nasopharynx with the tympanic cavity

Front 100

furunculosis (fu-rung'-ku-lo-sis)

Back 100

a skin infection affecting the ear canal

Front 101

impacted cerumen

Back 101

earwax impacted firmly into ear

Front 102

labyrinthitis

Back 102

inflammation of the inner ear; otitis interna

Front 103

mastoiditis

Back 103

inflammation of the mastoid antrum and cells (of the temporal bone)

Front 104

Meniere's disease

Back 104

deafness, tinnitus, and dizziness; causes unknown

Front 105

myringitis

Back 105

inflammation of the tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Front 106

otitis externa

Back 106

inflammation of the external ear

Front 107

otitis media

Back 107

inflammation of the middle ear

Front 108

otosclerosis

Back 108

ankylosis of the stapes, resulting in conductive hearing loss

Front 109

presbycusis

Back 109

progressive hearing loss in some elderly persons

Front 110

sensorineural deafness

Back 110

type of hearing loss resulting from physical damage to the hair cells, the vestibulocochlear nerve, or the auditory cortex; this condition may occur because of aging. Explosions, extremely loud noises (machinery or loud music), and some antibiotics can damage the hair cells in the organ of Corti, creating partial to complete deafness; other causes include brain tumors, strokes, infections, trauma, vascular disorder, and degenerative diseases

Front 111

fenestration

Back 111

the surgical creation of a new opening in the labyrinth of the ear for restoration of hearing in otosclerosis

Front 112

mastoidectomy

Back 112

excision of the mastoid cells or the mastoid process

Front 113

myringotomy

Back 113

incision of the tympanic membrane; tympanotomy with placement of tubes to maintain drainage

Front 114

otoplasty

Back 114

plastic surgery of the ear (pinna)

Front 115

stapedectomy

Back 115

excision of the stapes

Front 116

tympanoplasty

Back 116

plastic surgery on the eardrum

Front 117

tympanotomy

Back 117

myringotomy; incision of the tympanic membrane

Front 118

acoustic meatus

Back 118

opening or passage in the ear

Front 119

audiometer

Back 119

device for testing the hearing

Front 120

auditory (or acoustic)

Back 120

pertaining to the ear; sense of hearing

Front 121

decibel

Back 121

a unit of measure in the intensity of sound

Front 122

otoscope

Back 122

an instrument used for inspecting the ear

Front 123

tinnitus

Back 123

a noise (ringing) in the ears

Front 124

vertigo

Back 124

a sensation of rotation or dizziness