Chapter 18 By Susan Dewit

Front 1

Kinesiology (body mechanics)

Back 1

Study of the movement of the body parts

Front 2

Alignment

Back 2

Arrangement in a straight line, bringing a line into order

Front 3

Bone

Back 3

Dense and hard type of connective tissue

Front 4

Joint

Back 4

Place of union of two or more bones in a body

Front 5

Bursae

Back 5

Small fluid-filled sacs that provide a cushion at friction points of muscle fibers surrounded by a connective tissue sheath

Front 6

Skeletal muscles

Back 6

Striated muscles that are made of bundles of muscle fibers surrounded by a connective tissue sheath

Front 7

Tendons

Back 7

Cords of fibrous connective tissue that connect a muscle to a bone to a allow for joint movement

Front 8

Ligaments

Back 8

Connects bones or cartilage to provide support and strength

Front 9

Cartilage

Back 9

Fibrus connective tissue that acts as a cushion

Front 10

Pivot

Back 10

Turn or change direction with your feet while remaining in a fixed place

Front 11

Pressure ulcers (decubitus ulcers, bedsores)

Back 11

Ulcers that form from local ineterference with circulation

Front 12

Contractures

Back 12

Resistance to stretch in damaged muscle that pulls a joint into a fixed or frozen position

Front 13

Necrosis

Back 13

Local death of tissue from disease or injury

Front 14

Shearing force

Back 14

Spplied force that causes a downward and forward pressure on the tissue beneath the skin

Front 15

Symmetry

Back 15

Equality in size, form, and arrangement of parts on the opposite side of a plane; a mirror image

Front 16

Ambulate

Back 16

Walk

Front 17

Gait

Back 17

Style of walking

Front 18

Supine position

Back 18

When patients are resting on their back

Front 19

Fowler's position (prone)

Back 19

Elevating the head of the bed 60 to 90 degrees

Front 20

Semi-Fowler's position (prone)

Back 20

Elevation of the head of the bed 30 to 60 degrees

Front 21

Low Fowler

Back 21

Elevstion of the bed head 15 to 30 degrees

Front 22

Side-lying/lateral position

Back 22

Achieved by having patients reset on their side

Front 23

Sim's position (side lying)

Back 23

Weight is distributed over the anterior ilium, humerus and clavicle

Front 24

Prone position

Back 24

When the patient is lying face down

Front 25

Knee chest position (prone)

Back 25

Patient fac down on the bed with the head turned to one side. Chest elbows and knees rest on the bed and the thighs are perpendicular to the bed. Lower legs rest flat on the bed.

Front 26

Logrolling

Back 26

Turning the patient as a single unit while maintaining straight body alignment at all times

Front 27

Dangling

Back 27

Term used for the patient position of sitting on the side of the bed with the legs and feet over the side

Front 28

Tyoes of bones

Back 28

Short, one, flat and irregular

Front 29

Fundion of bones for positioning and moving patients

Back 29

1. Bones provide scaffolding or framework to the body
2. The skeleton gives the body shape and us ports the internal organs of the skin
3. The bones provide places for the ligaments and tendons to attach, thereby allowing movement
4. The primary function of a joint is to. Province movement and flexibility to the skeleton

Front 30

Changes in the muscoskeletal system with aging

Back 30

1. Bone strength and mass are lost because of the resorption of minerals
2. The loss of bone density predisposes the elderly patient to fractures
3. Muscle cells are lost and replaced by fat
4. The elasticity of muscle fibers is decreased or lost, which causes a loss of flexibility
5. Joint motion may decrease, limiting mobility, activity and exercise

Front 31

Hazards of improper alignment and positioning of patients

Back 31

1. Interference with circulation, which may lead to pressure ulcers
2. Muscle cramps and possible contractures
3. Fluid collection in the lungs

Front 32

Assessment (positioning)

Back 32

1. Head centered and erect
2. Shoulders and hips parallel
3. Knees and ankle slightly flexed and parallel to the hips and shoulders
4. Arms hang comfortably at the patients side
5. Feet slightly apart to provide a base of support
5. Check for muscle weakness, paralysis and symmetry of extremities
6. When sitting, assess for the patients correct sitting body alignment
7. Assess the patients ability to walk

Front 33

Nursing diagnosis (positioning)

Back 33

1. Risk for injury
2. Impaired physical mobility
3. Risk for impaired skin integrity
4. Impaired walking

Front 34

Planning (positioning)

Back 34

1. Promote independence or assist the patient
2. If patient is not able to move, change position every 2 hours to avoid complications
3. Decide how to change the position or if you can delegate the task
4. In home setting, is family able to position the patient, family need assistive devices, extra pillows needed, can the patient move around the house alone?

Front 35

Implementation (positioning)

Back 35

1. Positioning patients
2. Motherspeutic exercise
3. Lifting and transferring
4.

Front 36

What does changing position accomplishes?

Back 36

1. Provides comfort
2. Relieves pressure on bony prominences and other parts
3. Helps prevent contractures, deformities, and respiratory problems
4. Improves circulation

Front 37

Three basic positions for the patient while in bed:

Back 37

1. Supine
2. Side lying
3. Prone

Front 38

Variations of supine position:

Back 38

1. Fowlers
2. Semi fowlers
3. Low fowlers
4. Dorsal recumbent
5. Dorsal lithotomy

Front 39

Variation of side lying or lateral position:

Back 39

Sim's position

Front 40

Variation of the prone position:

Back 40

Knee chest position

Front 41

What are the devices used for positioning?

Back 41

1. Pillows
2. Boots or splints
3. Floorboards
4. Cushioned boots or high top sneakers
5. Trapeze bar
6. Sandbags
7. Hand rolls
8. Trochanter rolls
9. side rails
10. Bed boards

Front 42

Transferring devices:

Back 42

1. Mechanical lifts
2. Lift or pull sheets
3. Roller boards
4. Slide boards
5. Transfer or gait belts

Front 43

Evaluation (positioning)

Back 43

1. Your own use of body mechanics
2. Did you positions the patient safely and correctly
3. Patient comfortable when you finished or need to readjust the position
4. Pressure areas. Developed in the skin