Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
local hormones that act on NEIGHBORING cells |
Paracrine Hormones |
|
|
factors of Paracrine communication |
1. Cytokines 2. Growth Factors |
|
|
examples of paracrine communication |
Synaptic transmission Interferons |
|
|
receptors are IN or MOVED to the nucleus when hormone is bound to them and directly interacts with DNA |
Steroid Hormone (lipid soluble hormone) |
|
|
2 kinds of large water soluble hormones |
1. Adenylate Cyclase 2. Guanylate Cyclase |
|
|
3 kinds of Hormones |
1. Protein / Peptide hormones 2. Steroid hormone 3. Amine hormones |
|
|
Protein / peptide hormones: - bind to? - interacts with? - response? |
bind to Surface receptors interacts with 2nd messenger response will use pre existing molecules |
|
|
Steroid hormones: - bind to? - interact with? - response? |
bind to intracellular receptor interacts with DNA response is transcription/ translation, make new proteins |
|
|
2 groups of Amine hormones |
1. Thyroid hormones 2. Catecholamines |
|
|
Thyroid hormones - bind to? - interact? - respond? |
(like steroid hormones) bind to intracellular receptors interact with DNA make new proteins as response |
|
|
Catecholamines - bind to? - stimulate? - respond? |
(behave like protein hormones) bind to receptors stimulate 2nd messenger response will use pre-existing molecules (produce norepinephrine/ epinephrine) |
|
|
2 parts of Pituitary Gland |
1. Adenohypophysis 2. Neurohypophysis |
|
|
- anterior pituitary - epithelial tissue - no more connection to oral cavity |
Adenohypophysis |
|
|
- posterior pituitary - neural tissue - retained connection to base of brain, specifically hypothalamus |
Neurohypophysis |
|
|
oxytocin targets? |
1. smooth muscles of uterus 2. ducts of mammary glands |
|
|
Anterior Pituitary Hormones - 7 |
1. Prolactin hormone - PRL 2. Growth hormone - GH 3. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone - TSH 4. Adenocorticotropic hormone - ACTH 5. Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone - MSH 6. Follicle Stimulating hormone - FSH 7. Luteinizing Hormone - LH |
|
|
Growth Hormone (GH) - targets? - secretes? - response? - releasing homrone? |
Targets: Liver Secretes: Somatomedin Response: physical growth |
|
|
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) -target? -synthesizes? -releasing hormone |
thyroid gland synthesizes thyroid hormone Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone |
|
|
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) -target?- synthesizes? -releasing hormone |
Adrenal cortex Glucocorticoids/ Cortisol Corticotrophic Releasing Hormone |
|
|
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH) |
targets melanocyte increases melanin production |
|
|
2 Gonadotropins |
1. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) 2. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) |
|
|
targets of FSH and what they do |
targets ovaries and testes for gamete formation of oocytes and sperm |
|
|
targets of LH and what they produce |
ovaries for ovulation and progesterone testes producing testosterone |
|
|
this is where the hypothalamus add hormones to the blood thru the veins of anterior pituitary then leave blood to stimulate the anterior pituitary cells to produce hormones |
Hypothalamalhypophaseal Portal system |
|
|
Tyrosine + I+ |
monoiodotyrosine (MIT) |
|
|
MIT + I+ |
diiodotyrosine (DIT) |
|
|
DIT + MIT |
triiodothyronine (T3) |
|
|
DIT + DIT |
tetraiodothyronine (T4) |
|
|
low level of thyroid hormone in blood stimulates secretion of TSH, which causes thyroid gland enlargment |
Goiter |
|
|
signs and symptoms of Hyperthyroid |
nervous difficulty sleeping hot thin due to glucose metabolism |
|
|
signs and symptoms of hypothyroid |
lethargic low energy levels cold weight gain low T3 and T4 levels |
|
|
Parafollicular cells (next to thyroid follicles) - produce? - reaction? - response? - stimulus? |
- calcitonin - decrease osteoclast activity - decrease blood Ca+ levels - stimulus: increased blood Ca+ |
|
|
Parathyroid gland - produce? - reaction? - response? - stimulus? |
- parathyroid hormone (PTH) - increase osteoclast activity - increase Ca+ reabsorption/ levels - stimulus: decreased blood Ca+ |
|
|
2 parts of adrenal gland |
adrenal medulla adrenal cortex |
|
|
pre ganglionic sympathetic neurons that enhance effects of sympathetic division ANS during STRESS |
Adrenal Medulla |
|
|
adrenal medulla release ? on to nicotinic receptors to control hormone secretion |
acetycholine |
|
|
2 main hormones produced from adrenal medulla |
epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine |
|
|
this portion of adrenal gland produces steroid hormones |
adrenal cortex |
|
|
3 groups of adrenal cortex |
mineralcorticoids glucocorticoids testosterone/ estrogen |
|
|
layers of adrenal cortex |
Zona glomerulosa Zona fasciculata Zona reticularis |
|
|
zona glomerulosa - stimulus - produces - reaction |
- angiotensin II - MINERALACORTICOIDS (aldosterone most common) - increase Aldosterone, Na and H2O reabsorption |
|
|
Zona fasciculata - stimulus - produces - reaction |
- CRH from hypothalamus - GLUCOCORTICOID (cortisol most common) - increase blood sugar and fat metabolism; - decrease inflammatory response and immune response |
|
|
zona reticularis - stimulus - produces - reaction |
- ACTH and Glucocorticol - produce testosterone - nothing for males, but females increase muscle mass, erythropoiesis, and libido |
|
|
2 groups of pancreas |
alpha cells beta cells |
|
|
alpha cells - stimulus - produces - reaction |
- decreased blood sugar - glucogon - increase blood sugar which stimulate glycogen breakdown in liver |
|
|
beta cells - stimulus - produces - reaction |
- increased blood sugar - insulin - decreased blood sugar which stimulate glycogen synthesis |
|
|
inability to produce insulin |
Type I DM |
|
|
condition where tissues are resistant to insulin |
Type II DM |
