Chapter 18

Front 1

adenectomy

Back 1

removal of a gland by surgical means

Front 2

adrenaline

Back 2

1. a catecholinamine hormone secreted by then adrenal medulla.
2. a synthetic adrenergic vasoconstrictor. also called epinephrine

Front 3

adrenalectomy

Back 3

surgical removal of the adrenal gland

Front 4

aldosterone

Back 4

the major mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. it promotes retention of sodium and bicarbonate, conservation of water by absorbtion , and potassium excretion in the blood

Front 5

parathyroid hormone

Back 5

hormone that is secreted by the parathyroid glands and serves to maintain a constant calcium concentration in the extracellular fluid

Front 6

steroid

Back 6

any group of hormonal substances with a similar basic chemical structure, produced chiefly in the adrenal cortex and gonads; including progesterone, adrenocortical hormones, the gonadal hormones, and the bile ducts

Front 7

cortisol

Back 7

secreted by the adrenal cortrx ; increases blood sugar. sexrected in times of stress and has an anti-inflammatory effect

Front 8

electrolyte

Back 8

chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. necessary for functioning muscles and nerbes ? kidneys maintain the proper balance of electrolytes and water in the blood. Potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) are electrolytes

Front 9

endocrinologist

Back 9

specialist in endocrinology

Front 10

epinephrine

Back 10

1. a catecholinamine hormone secreted by then adrenal medulla.
2. a synthetic adrenergic vasoconstrictor. also called epinephrine

Front 11

euthyroid

Back 11

1. pertaining to a normal thyroid gland.
2. characterized by euthyroidism

Front 12

exophthalmos

Back 12

condition characterized by abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs also called exorbitism and proptosis

Front 13

glycosuria

Back 13

abnormal presence of glucose in the urine

Front 14

homeostasis

Back 14

tendency toward relative constancy or stability in the body's internal environment, naturally achieved by adaptive responses that promote healthy survival, including a system of control mechanisms activated by negative feedback

Front 15

hypercalcemia

Back 15

excessive of calcium in the blood characterized by muscle weakness , depression, anorexia, fatigue, nausea, and constipation

Front 16

hyperglycemia

Back 16

abnormally increased amount of glucose in the blood

Front 17

thyroxine

Back 17

a hormone that is elaborated by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland and functions to increase the rate of cell metabolism. also called tetraiodothyronine

Front 18

hormone

Back 18

complex chemical substance produced in one part or organ of the body and having a special regulatory effect on the activity of an organ or group of cells in another part. the term was originally applied specifically to substances secreted ninth endocrine glands and carried in the blood stream to target organs

Front 19

hypocalcemia

Back 19

a deficiency of calcium in the blood

Front 20

hypogonadism

Back 20

condition caused by abnormally diminished gonad function, characterized by retardation of growth and sexual development

Front 21

hypoinsulinism

Back 21

abnormally deficient secretion of insulin by the pancreatic cells, leading to hyperglycemia

Front 22

hypocalcemia

Back 22

deficiency of calcium in the blood

Front 23

hyponatremia

Back 23

abnormally low level of sodium in the blood

Front 24

hyperthyroidism

Back 24

abnormal condition caused by the excessive production of iodinated thyroid hormones sir to the hyperactivity of the thyroid gland

Front 25

insulin

Back 25

a naturally occurring protein hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans in response to elevated levels of blood glucose. the hormone regulates glucose metabolism; promotes entry of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids into the cells

Front 26

oxytocin

Back 26

nonapeptide discharged by neurons of the hypothalamus and stored in the neurohypophysism; promotes milk ejection and uterine confraxtions .

Front 27

sympathomimetic

Back 27

pertaining to the sympathetic nervous system or one of its nerves

Front 28

goiter

Back 28

enlargement of the thyroid gland, resulting in a swelling of the neck

Front 29

graves disease

Back 29

most common form of hyperthyroidism in which the eyeballs protrude from their orbits

Front 30

hirsutism

Back 30

an abnormal growth of hair, especially a male pattern of hair growth on women

Front 31

thyroid gland

Back 31

highly vascular gland at the front of the neck that secretes thyroxin and calcitonin and is essential to normal body growth.

Front 32

panhypopituitarism

Back 32

deficiency or lack of all pituitary hormones causing hypotension, weight loss, weakness, and loss of libido. Simmons's disease

Front 33

polydipsia

Back 33

chronic excessive thirst and fluid intake

Front 34

tetany

Back 34

hyperexcitability of nerves and muscles caused by a decreased concentration of extracellular calcium, which may be associated with hypoparathyroidism, alkalosis, vitamin D deficiency , or alkaline salt ingestion

Front 35

thyrotoxicosis

Back 35

condition caused nybexcessive quantities of thyroid hormones that may be the result of overproduction originating outside thengland

Front 36

target tissue

Back 36

cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones