Chapter 17 Using Language To Style The Speech

Front 1

style

Back 1

specific word choices

Front 2

rhetorical devices

Back 2

techniques of language, speakers use to express their ideas and achieve their speech purpose

Front 3

jargon

Back 3

the specialized, "insider" language of a given profession

Front 4

concrete language

Back 4

make a speech come alive for listeners, engaging their senses and encouraging involvement.

Front 5

abstract language

Back 5

general, or nonspecific, leaving meaning open to interpretation

Front 6

imagery

Back 6

concrete language that brings into play the senses of smell, taste, hearing, and touch to paint mental pictures

Front 7

figures of speech

Back 7

including similes, metaphors, and analogies make striking comparisons that help listeners visualize and understand the speaker's ideas

Front 8

simile

Back 8

compares one thing to another, using like or as

Front 9

metaphor

Back 9

compares two things, but does so by describing one thing as actually being the other

Front 10

cliche

Back 10

predictable and stale comparisons

Front 11

mixed metaphor

Back 11

compare unlike images or expressions

Front 12

analogy

Back 12

simply an extended simile or metaphor that compares an unfamiliar concept or process to a more familiar one to help listeners understand the unfamiliar one

Front 13

faulty analogy

Back 13

inaccurate or misleading comparison suggesting that because two things are similar in some ways

Front 14

personification

Back 14

endowing objects or ideas with human qualities

Front 15

understament

Back 15

drawing attentino to an idea by minimizing, or lowering, its importance

Front 16

irony

Back 16

using humor,satire, or sarcasm to suggest a meaning other than the one that is actually being expressed

Front 17

allusion

Back 17

making vague or indirect reference to people, historical events, or concepts to give deeper meaning to the message

Front 18

hyperbole

Back 18

using obvious exaggeration to drive home a point

Front 19

onamatopoeia

Back 19

the imitation of natural sounds in word form, it adds vividness to speech

Front 20

code-switching

Back 20

the use of dialect, can imbue your speech with friendliness, humor, earthiness, honesty and nostalgia

Front 21

malapropism

Back 21

the inadvertent use of a word or phrase in place of one that sounds like it

Front 22

denotative meaning

Back 22

its literal, or dictionary definition

Front 23

connotative meaning

Back 23

is the special association that different people bring to bear on it

Front 24

voice

Back 24

is the feature of verbs that indicates the subject's relationship to the action

Front 25

hedges

Back 25

unnecessary words and phrases that qualify or introduce doubt into statements that should be straightforward

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tag questions

Back 26

unnecessary questions that are appended to statements or commands

Front 27

colloquial expressions

Back 27

sayings specific to a certain region or group of people

Front 28

gender-neutral language

Back 28

avoid using third person generic masculine

Front 29

persons with disabilities (PWD)

Back 29

ensure your language accords them dignity, respect, and fairness

Front 30

anaphora

Back 30

the speaker repeats a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences

Front 31

epiphora

Back 31

repeat a word or phrase at the end of successive statements

Front 32

alliteration

Back 32

the repetition of the same sounds, usually initial consonants, in two or more syllables

Front 33

hackneyed

Back 33

when alliteration is poorly crafted

Front 34

parallelism

Back 34

the arrangement of words, phrases, or sentences in a similar form

Front 35

antithesis

Back 35

setting off two ideas in balanced opposition to each other to create a powerful effect

Front 36

triad

Back 36

three parallel elements