Chapter 17 Terminology

Front 1

cervic/o

Back 1

neck or cervix

Front 2

colp/o

Back 2

vagina (sheath)

Front 3

vagin/o

Back 3

vagina (sheath)

Front 4

episi/o

Back 4

vulva (covering)

Front 5

vulv/o

Back 5

vulva (covering)

Front 6

gynec/o

Back 6

woman

Front 7

hyster/o

Back 7

uterus

Front 8

metr/o

Back 8

uterus

Front 9

uter/o

Back 9

uterus

Front 10

lact/o

Back 10

milk

Front 11

mast/o

Back 11

breast

Front 12

mamm/o

Back 12

breast

Front 13

men/o

Back 13

menstruation

Front 14

obstetr/o

Back 14

midwife

Front 15

oophor/o

Back 15

ovary

Front 16

ovari/o

Back 16

ovary

Front 17

ov/i

Back 17

egg

Front 18

ov/o

Back 18

egg

Front 19

pelv/i

Back 19

pelvic cavity

Front 20

salping/o

Back 20

uterine (fallopian) tube

Front 21

toc/o

Back 21

labor or birth

Front 22

-arche

Back 22

beginning

Front 23

uterus

Back 23

womb; pear-shaped organ in the pelvic cavity in which the embryo develops

Front 24

fundus

Back 24

upper portion of the uterus above the entry to the uterine tubes

Front 25

endometrium

Back 25

lining of the uterus that is shed approximately every 28-30 days in the nonpregnant female during menstruation

Front 26

myometrium

Back 26

muscular wall of the uterus

Front 27

uterine or fallopian tubes

Back 27

tubes extending from each side of the uterus toward the ovary that provide a passage for ova to the uterus

Front 28

adnexa

Back 28

uterine tubes & ovaries (uterine appendages)

Front 29

right uterine appendage

Back 29

right tube & ovary

Front 30

left uterine appendage

Back 30

left tube & ovary

Front 31

ovary

Back 31

one of the tow glands located on each side of the pelvic cavity that produce ova & female sex hormones

Front 32

cervix

Back 32

neck of the uterus

Front 33

cervical os

Back 33

opening of the cervix to the uterus

Front 34

vagina

Back 34

tubular passageway from the cervix to the outside of the body

Front 35

vulva

Back 35

external genitalia of the female

Front 36

labia

Back 36

folds of tissue on either side of the vaginal opening known as the labia majora & labia minora

Front 37

clitoris

Back 37

female erectile tissue situated in the anterior portion of the vulva

Front 38

hymen

Back 38

fold of mucous membrane that encircles the entrance to the vagina

Front 39

introitus

Back 39

entrance to the vagina

Front 40

Bartholin glands

Back 40

two glands located on either side of the vaginal opening that secrete a lubricant during intercouse

Front 41

perineum

Back 41

region b/w the vulva & anus

Front 42

mammary glands

Back 42

two glands of the female breasts capable of producing milk

Front 43

mammary papilla

Back 43

nipple

Front 44

areola

Back 44

dark pigmented area around the nipple

Front 45

embryo

Back 45

developing organism from fertilization to the end of the eighth week

Front 46

fetus

Back 46

developing organism from ninth week to birth

Front 47

placenta

Back 47

vascular organ that develops in the uterine wall during pregnancy that provides nourishment for the fetus (placenta = cake)

Front 48

amnion

Back 48

innermost of the membranes surrounding the embryo in the uterus filled with amniotic fluid

Front 49

amniotic fluid

Back 49

fluid within the amnion that surrounds & protects the fetus

Front 50

meconium

Back 50

intestinal discharges of the fetus that forms the first stools in the newborn

Front 51

amenorrhea

Back 51

absence of menstruation

Front 52

anovulation

Back 52

absence of ovulation

Front 53

dysmenorrhea

Back 53

painful menstruation

Front 54

dyspareunia

Back 54

painful intercourse (coitus) (dys = painful; para = alongside of; eunia = a lying)

Front 55

leukorrhea

Back 55

abnormal white or yellow vaginal discharge

Front 56

menorrhagia

Back 56

excessive bleeding at the time of menstruation (menses)

Front 57

metrorrhagia

Back 57

bleeding from the uterus at any time other than normal menstruation

Front 58

oliomenorrhea

Back 58

scanty menstrual period

Front 59

oligo-ovulation

Back 59

irregular ovulation

Front 60

cervicitis

Back 60

inflammation of the cervix

Front 61

congenital anomalies

Back 61

birth defects causing the abnormal development of a femal organ or structure (e.g. double uterus, absent vagina)

Front 62

dermoid cyst

Back 62

congenital tumor composed of displaced embryonic tissue (teeth, bone, cartilage & hair) more commonly found in an ovary; it is usually benign

Front 63

displacement of the uterus

Back 63

displacement of the uterus from its normal position

Front 64

anteflexion

Back 64

abnormal forward bending of the uterus (ante = before; flexus = bend) - example of displacement

Front 65

retroflexion

Back 65

abnormal backward bending of the uterus - example of displacement

Front 66

retroversion

Back 66

backward turn of the whole uterus - also called tipped uterus - example of displacement

Front 67

endometriosis

Back 67

condition characterized by migration of portions of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity

Front 68

endometritis

Back 68

inflammation of the endometrium

Front 69

fibroid, fibromyoma, leiomyoma

Back 69

benign tumor in the uterus composed of smooth muscle and fibrous connective tissue

Front 70

fistula

Back 70

abnormal passage such as from one hollow organ to another (fistula - pipe)

Front 71

rectovaginal fistula

Back 71

abnormal opening b/w the vagina & rectum

Front 72

vesicovaginal fistula

Back 72

abnormal opening b/w the bladder & vagina

Front 73

cervical neoplasia

Back 73

abnormal development of cervical tissues

Front 74

cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)

Back 74

potentially cancerous abnormality of epithelial tissue of the cervix, graded according to the extent of abnormal cell formation:
CIN1 - mild dysplasia
CIN2 - moderate dysplasia
CIN 3 - sever dysplasia

Front 75

cervical dysplasia

Back 75

potentially cancerous abnormality of epithelial tissue of the cervix, graded according to the extent of abnormal cell formation:
CIN1 - mild dysplasia
CIN2 - moderate dysplasia
CIN 3 - sever dysplasia

Front 76

carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the cervix

Back 76

malignant cell changes in the cervix that are localized without any spread to adjacent structures - type of cervical neoplasia

Front 77

menopause

Back 77

cessation of menstrual periods owing to a lack of ovarian hormones

Front 78

oophoritis

Back 78

inflammation of menstrual periods owing to a lack of ovarian hormones

Front 79

parovarian cyst

Back 79

cyst of the fallopian tube

Front 80

pelvic adhesions

Back 80

scarring of tissue within the pelvic cavity as a result of endometriosis, infection, or injury

Front 81

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Back 81

inflammation of organs in the pelvic cavity usually including the fallopian tubes, ovaries, & endometrium - most often caused by bacteria

Front 82

pelvic floor relaxation

Back 82

relaxation of supportive ligaments of the pelvic organs

Front 83

cystocele

Back 83

pouching of the bladder into the vagina - type of pelvic floor relaxation

Front 84

rectocele

Back 84

pouching of the rectum into the vagina - type of pelvic floor relaxation

Front 85

enterocele

Back 85

pouching sac of peritoneum b/w the vagina & rectum - type of pelvic floor relaxation

Front 86

urethrocele

Back 86

pouching of the urethra into the vagina - type of pelvic floor relaxation

Front 87

prolapse

Back 87

descent of the uterus down the vaginal canal - type of pelvic floor relaxation

Front 88

salpingitis

Back 88

inflammation of a fallopian tube

Front 89

chlamydia

Back 89

most common sexually transmitted bacteria infection in North America; often occurs with no symptoms & is treated only after it has spread, such as to cause pelvic inflammatory disease

Front 90

gonorrhea

Back 90

contagious inflammation of the genital mucous membranes caused by invasion of the gonococcus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gono = seed; rrhea = discharge)

Front 91

syphilis

Back 91

infectious disease caused by a spirochete transmitted by direct intimate contact that may involve any organ or tissue over time; usually manifested first on the skin with the appearance of small, painless red papules that erode & form bloodless ulcers called chancres

Front 92

hepatitis B virus (HBV)

Back 92

virus that causes inflammation of the liver as a result of transmission through any body fluid, including vaginal secretions, semen, & blood

Front 93

herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2)

Back 93

virus that causes ulcer-like lesions of the genetal & anorectal skin & mucosa; after initial infection, the virus lies dormant in the nerve cell root & may recur at times of stress

Front 94

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Back 94

virus that causes AIDS, permitting various opportunistic infections, malignancies, & neurological diseases - contracted through exposure to contaminated blood or body fluid (e.g. semen, vaginal secretions)

Front 95

human papilloma virus (HPV)
condyloma acuminatum
pl. condylomata acuminata

Back 95

virus transmitted by direct sexual contact that causes an infection that can occur on the skin or mucous membranes of the genitals; on the skin, the lesions appear as cauliflower-like warts, & on the mucous membranes, they have a flat appearance (also known as venereal or genital warts)