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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Resistance to Disease
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Innate, Nonspecific, Specific
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Innate
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resistance of humans to disease which affect other animals
protection against any pathogen |
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Nonspecific
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Independent of type of microorganism & due to barriers, phagocytosis, inflammation, fever
host mechanisms that protect the body against all pathogens regardless of species. |
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Specific
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resistance due to immune response. The response is specific for the miroorganism causing disease.
reaction to a specific antigen |
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Immunity
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ability to recognize foreign substance (antigens) that are different from self antigens & ability to induce an immune response toward foreign antigens
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Antigen (Ag)
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any substance that induces an immune response
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Antibodies (Ab)
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proteins or immunoglobulins that produced by B cells in response to an antigen that binds to & inactivates antigen.
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Immunity
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active and passive
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Active immunity
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induces immunse respone to produce antibodies
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Passive
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transfer antibody from antoher individual.
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Naturally Acquired
Active Immunity |
Antigens enter the body naturally: body produces antibodies and specialized lymphocytes
Exposed to bacteria |
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Natrually Acquired
Passive Immunity |
Antibodies pass from mother to fetus via placenta or infant in the mother's milk.
anitbodies have been given to you |
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Artifically Acquired
Active Immunity |
Antigens are introduced in vaccines; body prodcues antibodies and specialized lympthocytes.
Toxiod - tentus |
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Artifically Acquired
Passive Immunity |
Preformed antibodies in immune serum introduced into body by injection.
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Serum Immunoglobulins
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Immunoglobulins- proteins separated by size, confromation (shape) & electrical charge.
Gamma fraction contains antibodies perform difrerent jobs arise at different times |
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Humoral
Immune Response |
Humoral or Antibody mediated due to B lymphocytes, specialized immune cells producing antibody in response to a foreign antigen
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Cell Mediated
Immune Response |
Cell mediated due to T lymphocytes, specialized immune cells including
Helper T cells, Cytotoxic T cells, Delayed Hypersensitivity T cells, Suppressor T cells |
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B Cells
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originated from stem cells in the bone marrow & produce antibody (humoral response)
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T Cells
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originate in the bone marrow but mature in the thymus & are responsible for cell-mediated immunity
cytotoxic T, Helper T |
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Antigens
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proteins or polysaccharied recognized by the body as foreign
Can illect response of multiple antibodies |
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Antigen Determinants
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Specific regions of an antigen that antibodies interact or bind with
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Antibodies (Ab)
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Product of B lymphocytes that is specific for a particular antigenic determinant
antibodies will only react and bind to specific antigen Branches of Y shape proten binds with the antigen |
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Antibody Production
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Plasma cells
Memory cells |
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IgG
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IgM
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IgA
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Plasma Cells
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produce antibodies (2,000 per sec) last for days
B cells proliferate in to plasma cells |
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Memory Cells
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monitor for reexposure, last for months to yrs. Immediately start to make antibodies by shifting in to plasma cells
B cells proliferate in to memory cells |
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Antigen - Antibody Complex
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Inactives Angtigen by
Aggulation, Opsonization, Neutralization, Complement activation, Inflammation, Cytolysis |
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Primary Immune Response
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Lag periond
1st IgM, 2nd IgG 1 to 2 months |
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Secondary Immune Response
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Memory Response
Mostly IgG some IgM Years to life time |
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Secondary or Memory Response
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Loser threshold dose of antigen
shorter lag period Longer antibody life span (yrs to a lifetime) Higher antibody titer (booster shot) |
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T Cell Types
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Helper T Cell, Cytotoxic T Cell, Delayed Hypersensitivity T Cell, Suppressor T Cell
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Helper T Cell
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Activates cytotoxic T cells and other helper T cells; necessary for B - cell activation by T - dependent antigens
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Cytotoxic T Cell
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Destroys target cells on contact
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Delayed Hypersensitivity T Cell
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Provides protection against infectious agents; cause inflammation associated with allergic reactions and tissue transplant rejections
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Suppressor T Cell
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Regulates immune response and helps maintain tolerance
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Helper T Cells
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Cytotoxic T Cells
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T Helper Cells May Directly Induce Anitbody Production B Cells
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