Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
194 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
retina
|
contains sensitive cells (rods and cones) that transmit light energy to nervous impulses.
|
|
|
ciliary body
|
contains muscles that control the shape of the lens and secrete aqueous humor.
|
|
|
lens
|
transparent body behind the iris and in front of the vitreous humor; refracts light rays to bring them into focus on the retina.
|
|
|
vitreous humor
|
jelly-like material behind the lens; helps to maintain the shape of the eyeball.
|
|
|
pupil
|
dark center of the eye through which light rays enter.
|
|
|
chorid
|
vascular layer of the eyeball that is continuous with the iris.
|
|
|
conjunctiva
|
delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior eyeball.
|
|
|
cornea
|
fibrous layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball.
|
|
|
iris
|
colored portion of the eye; surrounds the pupil.
|
|
|
sclera
|
tough, white outer coat of the eyeball.
|
|
|
optic disc
|
region at the back of the eye where the retina meets the optic nerve.
|
|
|
accommodation
|
the normal adjustment of the lens to bring an object into focus.
|
|
|
macula
|
a yellowish region on the retina lateral to the optic disc.
|
|
|
refraction
|
bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye.
|
|
|
cone
|
photosensitive receptor cells in the retina that makes color perception possible.
|
|
|
rod
|
photosensitive receptor cells that make vision in dim light possible.
|
|
|
anisocoria
|
Inequality in the size of pupils.
|
|
|
papilledema
|
Swelling of the optic disc; associated with increased pressure within the eye.
|
|
|
Photophobia
|
Sensitivity to light.
|
|
|
scotoma
|
Blind spot in the field of vision.
|
|
|
blepharitis
|
inflammation of an eyelid.
|
|
|
keratitis
|
inflammation of the cornea.
|
|
|
iritis
|
inflammation of the iris.
|
|
|
conjunctivitis
|
inflammation of the conjunctiva.
|
|
|
intraocular
|
pertaining to within the eye.
|
|
|
uveitis
|
inflammation of the vascular layer of the eye.
|
|
|
xerophthalmia
|
condition of dry eye.
|
|
|
exotropia
|
outward deviation of the eye.
|
|
|
esotropia
|
inward deviation of the eye.
|
|
|
aphakia
|
absence of the lens of the eye.
|
|
|
hemianopsia
|
absence of vision in half of the visual field.
|
|
|
Presbyopia
|
Impairment of vision associated with middle or older age.
|
|
|
myopia
|
Nearsightedness; vision for near objects is better than for far.
|
|
|
diplopia
|
double vision.
|
|
|
Amblyopia
|
Reduced vision (poor eyesight).
|
|
|
Hyperopia
|
Farsightedness; light rays are focused beyond, instead of directly on the retina.
|
|
|
strabismus
|
abnormal deviations of the eye.
|
|
|
glaucoma
|
increased intraocular pressure results in retinal and optic nerve damage.
|
|
|
hordeolum (stye)
|
localized purulent infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid.
|
|
|
cataract
|
clouding of the lens causes decreased vision.
|
|
|
diabetic retinopathy
|
retinal microaneurysms, hemorrhages occur secondary to an endocrine condition.
|
|
|
macular degeneration
|
deterioration of the macula letea of the retina.
|
|
|
OU
|
both eyes.
|
|
|
OD
|
right eye.
|
|
|
OS
|
left eye.
|
|
|
PERRLA
|
pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation.
|
|
|
c. gl.
|
with glasses.
|
|
|
VF
|
visual field
|
|
|
s. gl.
|
without glasses.
|
|
|
pinna
|
outer ear flap; auricle.
|
|
|
tympanic membrane
|
membrane between the outer and middle ear; eardrum.
|
|
|
malleus
|
hammer-shaped, small bone (ossicle) in the middle ear.
|
|
|
incus
|
small anvil-shaped bone (ossicle) in the middle ear; second ossicle.
|
|
|
stapes
|
small, stirrup-shaped bone in the middle ear; third ossicle.
|
|
|
Oval window
|
Membrane between the middle and inner ears.
|
|
|
Cochlea
|
Snail-shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear; contains hearing-sensitive receptor cells.
|
|
|
Auditory nerve fibers
|
These carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain (cerebral cortex).
|
|
|
cerebral cortex
|
the convoluted surface layer of gray matter of the cerebrum that functions chiefly in coordination of sensory and motor information.
|
|
|
Semicircular canals
|
Passageways in the inner ear that are associated with maintaining equilibrium.
|
|
|
Cerumen
|
Waxy substance secreted by the ear; ear wax.
|
|
|
perilymph and endolymph
|
fluid within the labyrinth (canals) of the inner ear; conducts sound waves.
|
|
|
Tympanic membrane
|
Membrane between the outer and middle ear; eardrum.
|
|
|
stapedectomy
|
removal of the third bone of the middle ear.
|
|
|
audiometer
|
instrument to measure hearing.
|
|
|
presbycusis
|
deafness due to old age.
|
|
|
Serous otitis media
|
Non-infectious inflammation of the middle ear with accumulation of clear fluid.
|
|
|
tympanoplasty
|
surgical repair of the eardrum.
|
|
|
vertigo
|
abnormal sensation of moving in space or having objects move about you in space.
|
|
|
Otosclerosis
|
Overgrowth and hardening of bony tissue in the labyrinth (inner ear).
|
|
|
Tinnitus
|
Ringing, buzzing or roaring sound in the ear.
|
|
|
labyrinthitis
|
inflammation of the labyrinth of the inner ear.
|
|
|
Myringitis
|
Inflammation of the eardrum.
|
|
|
Suppurative otitis media
|
Infectious inflammation of the middle ear with pus formation.
|
|
|
Mastoiditis
|
Inflammation and infection of the mastoid process just behind the ear.
|
|
|
Ménière disease
|
Disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear; elevated endolymph (fluid) pressure.
|
|
|
Acoustic neuroma
|
Benign tumor arising from the acoustic nerve.
|
|
|
Cholesteatoma
|
Middle ear mass of cellular debris and cholesterol crystals.
|
|
|
AS
|
left ear.
|
|
|
ENG
|
electronystagniography - a test of the balance mechanism of the inner ear by assessing eye movements.
|
|
|
EENT
|
eyes, ears, nose and throat.
|
|
|
AD
|
right ear.
|
|
|
ENT
|
right ear.
|
|
|
ophthalmoscopy
|
visual examination of eye.
|
|
|
sclera
|
white portion of the eye.
|
|
|
aqueous humor
|
fluid produced by the ciliary body; circulates through the anterior chamber of the eye.
|
|
|
anisocoria
|
pupils are of unequal size.
|
|
|
conjunctiva
|
delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior eyeball.
|
|
|
keratitis
|
inflammation of the cornea.
|
|
|
cycloplegic
|
paralysis of the ciliary muscles of the eye.
|
|
|
diplopia
|
double vision.
|
|
|
cataract
|
clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision.
|
|
|
strabismus
|
abnormal deviation of the eye (esotropia and exotropia).
|
|
|
astigmatism
|
defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye.
|
|
|
chalazion
|
small, hard cytic mass of the eyelid.
|
|
|
presbyopia
|
impairment of vision due to old age.
|
|
|
myopia
|
nearsightedness.
|
|
|
iritis
|
inflammation of the iris.
|
|
|
hemianopsia
|
loss of vision in one half of the visual field.
|
|
|
papilledema
|
swelling in the region of the optic disc.
|
|
|
fluorescein angiography
|
process of recording blood vessels in the back of the eye after IV injection of a dye.
|
|
|
macular degeneration
|
progressive damage to the yellowish region on the retina (lateral to and slightly below the optic disc).
|
|
|
aphakia
|
absence of the lens of the eye.
|
|
|
perilymph
|
fluid contained in the inner part of the ear.
|
|
|
labyrinth
|
maze-like series of canals of the inner ear.
|
|
|
pinna
|
the outer flap of the ear; auricle.
|
|
|
eustachian tube
|
channel between the middle ear and the nasopharynx.
|
|
|
cerumen.
|
waxy substance secreted by the external ear.
|
|
|
cholesteatoma
|
collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear.
|
|
|
myringotomy
|
incision of the eardrum.
|
|
|
otosclerosis
|
hardening of bony tissue in the inner ear; ankylosis of the stapes may occur.
|
|
|
semicircular canals
|
passages in the inner ear that are associated with maintaining equilibrium.
|
|
|
otolaryngologist
|
specialist in the study of the ear and voice box.
|
|
|
tinnitis
|
sensation of noises (ringing, buzzing, whistling) in the ears.
|
|
|
vertigo
|
sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects.
|
|
|
ossiculoplasty
|
surgical repair of a small bone in the middle ear.
|
|
|
audiometer
|
instrument to measure hearing.
|
|
|
otomycosis
|
fungal infection of the ear.
|
|
|
auditory canal
|
channel leading from the outer ear flap to the eardrum.
|
|
|
acoustic neuroma
|
benign tumor arising from the 8th cranial nerve in the brain.
|
|
|
cochlea
|
a snail-like, spirally wound tube in the inner ear; contains hearing-sensitive cells.
|
|
|
tympanoplasty
|
surgical repair of the eardrum.
|
|
|
Suppurative otitis media
|
inflammation of the middle ear with pus formation.
|
|
|
Anisocoria
|
Inequality in the size of pupils.
|
|
|
Aqueous humor
|
Fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber of the eye.
|
|
|
Blepharitis
|
Inflammation of an eyelid.
|
|
|
Cataract
|
Clouding or loss of transparency of the lens of the eye.
|
|
|
Conjunctiva
|
Delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeball.
|
|
|
Cornea
|
Fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball.
|
|
|
Ciliary body
|
Structure on each side of the lens that connects the choroid and iris; contains muscles that control the shape of the lens.
|
|
|
dacryorhea
|
Excessive flow of tears.
|
|
|
Glaucoma
|
Fluid accumulation in the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye causing increased pressure and damage to the retina.
|
|
|
Ophthalmologist
|
Medical doctor specializing in the diseases of the eye.
|
|
|
acoustic
|
pertaining to sound.
|
|
|
pinna
|
outer flap of the ear.
|
|
|
otomycosis
|
fungal ear condition.
|
|
|
tinnitus
|
ringing in the ears.
|
|
|
tympanoplasty
|
surgical repair of the eardrum.
|
|
|
myringotomy
|
incision in the eardrum.
|
|
|
cerumen
|
waxy discharge from the ear.
|
|
|
vertigo
|
dizziness.
|
|
|
presbycusis
|
hearing impairment due to old age.
|
|
|
stapedectomy
|
removal of a middle ear bone.
|
|
|
prosthesis
|
an artificial device to replace or augment a missing or impaired part of the body .
|
|
|
corneoscleral
|
Pertaining to the cornea and sclera, which is the white of the eye.
|
|
|
Audiometer
|
Instrument to measure or test hearing.
|
|
|
Malleus
|
Hammer-shaped, small bone (ossicle) in the middle ear.
|
|
|
Palpebral
|
Pertaining to an eyelid.
|
|
|
Presbycusis
|
Progressive loss of hearing, occurring in middle and older age.
|
|
|
mydriatic
|
causing or involving dilation of the pupil of the eye.
|
|
|
blepharitis
|
Inflammation of an eyelid.
|
|
|
retinopathy
|
causing or involving dilation of the pupil of the eye.
|
|
|
Macrotia
|
Abnormally large ears.
|
|
|
cataract
|
clouding of the lens.
|
|
|
stapes
|
small bones in the middle ear.
|
|
|
strabismus
|
abnormal deviation of the eye caused by muscle weakness.
|
|
|
cerumen
|
wax found in the outer ear.
|
|
|
tinnitus
|
ringing sound in the ears.
|
|
|
pinna
|
the flap, or outside part, of the ear.
|
|
|
cochlea
|
a snail-shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear.
|
|
|
chalazion
|
small hard mass of the eyelid.
|
|
|
eustachian tube
|
tube connecting the middle ear to the throat.
|
|
|
presbyopia
|
impairment of vision due to old age.
|
|
|
tympanoplasty
|
surgical repair of the eardrum
|
|
|
Ophthalmoplegia
|
paralysis of the eye.
|
|
|
salpingopharyngeal
|
pertaining to the eustachian tube and the throat.
|
|
|
hemianopsia
|
loss of one half of the visual field.
|
|
|
uveitis
|
inflammation of the vascular layer of the eye.
|
|
|
aphakia
|
condition of the absence of the lens.
|
|
|
otosclerosis
|
hardening of the bony tissue in the inner ear.
|
|
|
intraocular lens (IOL)
|
artifical part inserted during cataract surgery.
|
|
|
acute otitis media (AOM)
|
severe inflammation of the middle portion of the ear.
|
|
|
a test of the balance mechanism of the inner ear by assing eye movements (ENG)
|
test of the balance mechanism of the inner ear by assessing rapidly twitching eye movement.
|
|
|
visual acuity (VA)
|
a patient reads from a Snellen chart to test clarity of vision.
|
|
|
intraocular pressure (IOP)
|
a measure of fluid build-up in the anterior portion of the eye and associated with glaucoma.
|
|
|
ears, nose and throat (ENT)
|
speciality of an otorhinolaryngologist.
|
|
|
pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation (PERRLA)
|
normal result when the dark opening of the eye is examined.
|
|
|
age related macular degeneration (AMD)
|
loss of central vision occuring with old age.
|
|
|
visual field (VF)
|
the area within which objects are seen when the eyes are fixed, looking straight ahead.
|
|
|
pressure-equalizing tube-a polyethylene ventilaing tube placed in the eardrum (PE tube)
|
this helps relieve chronic middle ear infection and inflammation.
|
|
|
anterior chamber
|
Space behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris; contains aqueous humor.
|
|
|
Choroid
|
Middle, vascular layer of the eye.
|
|
|
Ciliary body
|
Structure on each side of the lens that connects the choroid and iris; contains muscles that control the shape of the lens.
|
|
|
Conjunctiva
|
Delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeball.
|
|
|
Cornea
|
Fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball.
|
|
|
Fovea centralis
|
Tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision.
|
|
|
Iris
|
Colored, pigmented portion of the eye, surrounding the pupil.
|
|
|
Lens
|
Transparent biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye.
|
|
|
Macula
|
Yellowish region on the retina lateral to and slightly below the optic disc; contains the fovea centralis, the area of clearest and central vision.
|
|
|
Optic disc
|
Region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina.
|
|
|
Optic nerve
|
Cranial nerve that carries impulses from the rod and cone cells of the retina to the cerebral cortex in the occipital lobe of the brain.
|
|
|
Pupil
|
Dark, central portion of the eye.
|
|
|
Retina
|
Sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye.
|
|
|
Sclera
|
White portion of the eyeball.
|
|
|
Vitreous humor
|
Soft, jelly-like material that fills the inner vitreous chamber of the eye.
|
