Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
What are the four principal mechanism of communication between cells? |
Gap Junctions Neurotransmitters Paracrine (local ) hormones Hormones |
|
|
|
Pores in cell membrane allow signaling molecules,nutrients, and electrolytes to move from cell to cell. |
Gap Junctions |
|
|
|
What are Neurotransmitters? |
Released from neurons to travel across synaptic cleft to second cell. |
|
|
|
Secreted into tissue fluids to affect nearby cells. |
Paracrine local hormone |
|
|
|
Chemical messengers that travel in the blood stream to other tissues and organs |
Hormones |
|
|
|
What are the 10 glands of the endocrine system? |
Pituitary Gland Pineal Gland Thyroid Gland Parathyroid Gland Adrenal Gland Thymus Gland Pancreas Gland Hypothalamus Ovaries Testes
|
|
|
|
What is SAD? PINEAL Gland |
Seasonal Affective Disorder |
|
|
|
When does Seasonal Affective Disorder occurs? |
It occurs in winter or northern climates. |
|
|
|
What drives SAD condition? |
Depression, sleepiness, irritability and carbohydrates craving. |
|
|
|
What do you prevent SAD? |
Two to three hours of bright light each day reduce the melatonin levels. |
|
|
|
What are the three layers of the Adrenal Cortex? |
Zona glomerulosa Zona fasciculata Zona reticularis |
|
|
|
Name the chemical hormones that is secreted and what does it regulates from Zona Glomerulosa? |
Thin outer layer Secretes mineralocoriticoid- it regulates the body electrolytes balance. |
|
|
|
Zona Fasciculata secret what hormones? where is it located ?
|
Glucocorticoids Thick, Middle layer |
|
|
|
Zona Reticularis secrets what? Derived from? |
Sex steroids Narrow, inner layer |
|
|
|
What is synergistic effects? |
Multiple hormones act together for greater effect. |
|
|
|
One hormone enhance the target organ's response to a second later hormones. Estrogen for Uterus for progesterone |
Permissive effects |
|
|
|
One hormone opposes the action of another Insulin lower blood glucose and glycogen. |
Antagonistic effects |
|
|
|
What is GAS? |
How the body react to stress Involves elevated levels of epinephrine and glucocorticoids |
|
|
|
What are the three stages of GAS? |
Alarm reaction Stages of resistance Stage of Exhaustion |
|
|
|
What the abbreviation of GAS? |
General Adaptation Syndrome |
|
|
|
What happened during the Alarm Reaction ? |
Initial response Prepare the body for fight or flight Stored Glucogen is consumed.
|
|
|
|
What happened during the stage Resistance? |
Glycogen reserves is gone Stage dominated by cortisol Hypothalamus secret cortcortropin-releasing hormone Pituitary secret an increase in ACTH. |
|
|
|
What happened during the stage of Exhaustion? |
Stress continue for several months Fat is gone Breakdown of protein and Muscle Loss of glucose homeostasis Death from heart and kidney infection. |
|
|
|
Enzyme Amplification |
Hormones are extraordinarily potent chemical. One hormone molecule can trigger the Synthesis of many enzyme molecules Very small stimulus can produce very large effect Circulating concentrations very low. |
|
|
|
Enzyme Amplification |
|
|
