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194 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anterior chamber
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Area behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris. It contains aqueous humor
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aqueous humor
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fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber
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biconvex
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having two sides that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly, like part of a sphere. The lens of the eye is a biconves body
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choroid
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middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the tetina and the sclera
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ciliary body
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structure on each side of the lens that connects the choroid and iris. It contains ciliary muscles, which control the shape of the lens, and it secretes aqueous humor
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cone
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photoreceptor cell in the retina that transforms light energy into a nerve impulse. Cones are responsible for color and central vision
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conjunctiva
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delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior eyeball
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cornea
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fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball
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fovea centralis
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tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision
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fundus of the eye
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posterior, inner part of the eye
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lens
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transparent, biconves body behind the pupil of the eye. It bends (refracts) light rays to bring them into focus on the retina
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macula
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yellowish region on the retina lateral to and slightly below the optic disc: contains the fovea centralis, which is the center depression containing only cone photoreceptors
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optic chiasm
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point at which the fibers of the optic nerve cross in the brain (chiasm means crossing)
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optic disc
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region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina. It is the blind spot of the eye because it contains only nerve fibers, no rods or cones, and is thus insensitive to light
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optic nerve
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cranial nerve carrying impulses from the retina to the brain (cerebral cortex)
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pupil
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dark opeining of the eye, surrounded by the iris, through which light rays pass
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refraction
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bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye to bring the rays into focus on the retina. Refract means to break (-fract) back (re-)
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retina
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light-sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photoreceptor cells (rods and cones)
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rod
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photocepter cell of the retina essential for vision in dim light and for peripheral vision
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sclera
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tough, white, outer coat of the eyeball
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vitreous humor
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soft, jelly-like material behind the lens; helps maintain the shape of the eyeball
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aque/o
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water
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blephar/o
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eyelid (see also paplebr/o
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conjunctiv/o
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conjunctiva
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cor/o
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pupil (see also pupill/o)
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corne/o
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cornea (see also kerat/o)
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cycl/o
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ciliary body or muscle of the eye
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dacr/o
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tears, tear duct (see also lacrim/o
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ir/o
irid/o |
iris (colored portion of the eye around the pupil
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kerat/o
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cornea
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lacrim/o
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tears
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ocul/o
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eye
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ophthalm/o
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eye
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opt/o
optic/o |
eye, vision
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palpebr/o
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eyelid
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papill/o
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optic disc (disk); nipple-like
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phac/o
phak/o |
lens of the eye
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pupill/o
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pupil
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retin/o
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retina
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scler/o
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sclera (white of the eye)
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uve/o
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uvea; vascular layer of the eye (iris, ciliary body, and choroid)
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vitre/o
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glassy
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ambly/o
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dull, dim
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dipl/o
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double
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glauc/o
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gray
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mi/o
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smaller, less
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mydr/o
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widen, enlarge
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nyct/o
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night
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phot/o
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light
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presby/o
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old age
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scot/o
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darkness
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xer/o
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dry
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-opia
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vision
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-opsia
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vision
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-tropia
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to turn
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astigmatism
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defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye
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hyperopia (hypermetropia)
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farsightedness
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myopia
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nearsightedness
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presbyopia
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impairment of vision as a result of old age
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cataract
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clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision
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chalazion
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small, hard, cystic mass (granuloma) on the eyelid; formed as a result of chronic inflammation of a sebaceous gland (meibomian gland) along the margin of the eyelid
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diabetic retinopathy
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retinal effects of diabetes mellitus include microaneurysms, hemorrhages, dialation of retinal veins, and neovascularization (new blodd vessels from in the retina)
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glaucoma
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increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve
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hordeolum (stye)
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localized, purulent, inflammatory staphyloccal infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid
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macular degeneration
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progressive damage to the macula of the retina
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retinal detachment
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two layers of the retina separate from each other
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strabismus
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abnormal deviation of the eye
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fluorescein angiography
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intravenous injection of fluorescein (a dye) followed by serial photographs of the retina through dialted pupils
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ophthalmoscopy
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visual examination of the interior of the eye
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slit lamp microscopy
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examination of anterior ocular structures under microscopic magnification
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visual acuity test
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clarity of vision is assessed
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visual field test
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measures the area within which objects are seen when the eyes are fixed, looking straight ahead without moving the head
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enucleation
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removal of the entire eyeball
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keratoplasty
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surgical repair of the cornea
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laser photocoagulation
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intense, precisely focused light beam (argon laser) creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky retinal blood vessels
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LASIK
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use of an eximer laser to correct errors of refraction (myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism)
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phacoemulsification
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ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens, which is then aspirated throught the ultrasonic probe
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scleral buckle
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suture of a silicone band to the sclera over a detached portion of the retina
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vitrectomy
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removal of the vitreous humor
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auditory canal
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chanel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum
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auditory meatus
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auditory canal
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auditory nerve fibers
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carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain (cerebral cortex). These fibers compose the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII)
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auditory tube
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channel between the middle ear and the nasopharynx; eustachian tube
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auricle
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flap of the ear; the protruding part of the external ear, or pinna
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cerumen
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waxy sbstance secreted by the external ear; also called ear wax
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cochlea
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snail-shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear;contains hearing-sensitive receptor cells
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eustachian tube
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auditory tube
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incus
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second ossicle (bone) of the middle ear; incus means anvil
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labyrinth
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maze-like series of canals of the inner ear. This includes the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals
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malleus
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first ossicle of the middle ear; malleus means hammer
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organ of Corti
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sensitive auditory receptor area found in the cochlea of the inner ear
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ossicle
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small bone of the ear; includes the malleus, incus, and stapes
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oval window
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membrane between the middle and the inner ears
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perilymph
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fluid contained in the labyrinth of the inner ear
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auditory canal
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chanel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum
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auditory meatus
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auditory canal
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auditory nerve fibers
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carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain (cerebral cortex). These fibers compose the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII)
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auditory tube
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channel between the middle ear and the nasopharynx; eustachian tube
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auricle
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flap of the ear; the protruding part of the external ear, or pinna
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cerumen
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waxy sbstance secreted by the external ear; also called ear wax
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cochlea
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snail-shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear;contains hearing-sensitive receptor cells
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eustachian tube
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auditory tube
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incus
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second ossicle (bone) of the middle ear; incus means anvil
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labyrinth
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maze-like series of canals of the inner ear. This includes the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals
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malleus
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first ossicle of the middle ear; malleus means hammer
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organ of Corti
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sensitive auditory receptor area found in the cochlea of the inner ear
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ossicle
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small bone of the ear; includes the malleus, incus, and stapes
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oval window
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membrane between the middle and the inner ears
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perilymph
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fluid contained in the labyrinth of the inner ear
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auditory canal
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chanel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum
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auditory meatus
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auditory canal
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auditory nerve fibers
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carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain (cerebral cortex). These fibers compose the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII)
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auditory tube
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channel between the middle ear and the nasopharynx; eustachian tube
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auricle
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flap of the ear; the protruding part of the external ear, or pinna
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cerumen
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waxy sbstance secreted by the external ear; also called ear wax
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cochlea
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snail-shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear;contains hearing-sensitive receptor cells
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eustachian tube
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auditory tube
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incus
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second ossicle (bone) of the middle ear; incus means anvil
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labyrinth
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maze-like series of canals of the inner ear. This includes the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals
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malleus
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first ossicle of the middle ear; malleus means hammer
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organ of Corti
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sensitive auditory receptor area found in the cochlea of the inner ear
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ossicle
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small bone of the ear; includes the malleus, incus, and stapes
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oval window
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membrane between the middle and the inner ears
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perilymph
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fluid contained in the labyrinth of the inner ear
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auditory canal
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chanel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum
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auditory meatus
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auditory canal
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auditory nerve fibers
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carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain (cerebral cortex). These fibers compose the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII)
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auditory tube
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channel between the middle ear and the nasopharynx; eustachian tube
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auricle
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flap of the ear; the protruding part of the external ear, or pinna
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cerumen
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waxy sbstance secreted by the external ear; also called ear wax
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cochlea
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snail-shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear;contains hearing-sensitive receptor cells
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eustachian tube
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auditory tube
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incus
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second ossicle (bone) of the middle ear; incus means anvil
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labyrinth
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maze-like series of canals of the inner ear. This includes the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals
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malleus
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first ossicle of the middle ear; malleus means hammer
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organ of Corti
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sensitive auditory receptor area found in the cochlea of the inner ear
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ossicle
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small bone of the ear; includes the malleus, incus, and stapes
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oval window
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membrane between the middle and the inner ears
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perilymph
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fluid contained in the labyrinth of the inner ear
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pinna
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auricle; flap of the ear
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semicircular canals
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passages in the inner ear associated with maintaing equilibrium
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stapes
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third ossicle of the middle ear. Stapes means stirrup
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tympanic membrane
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membrane between the outer and the middle ear; also called the eardrum
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vestibule
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central cavity of the labyrinth, connecting the semicircular canals and the cochlea. The vestibule contains two structures, the saccule and utricle, that help to maintain equilibrium
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acous/o
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hearing
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audi/o
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heaing, the sense of hearing
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audit/o
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hearing
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aur/o
auricul/o |
car (see also ot/o)
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cochle/o
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cochlea
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mastoid/o
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mastoid process
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myring/o
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eardrum, tympanic membrane (see also tympan/o)
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ossicul/o
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ossicle
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ot/o
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ear
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salping/o
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eustachian tube, auditory tube
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staped/o
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stapes (third bone of the middle ear)
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tympan/o
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eardrum, tympanic membrane
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vestibul/o
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vestibule
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-acusis or -cusis
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hearing
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-otia
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ear condition
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-otia
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ear condition
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acoustic neuroma
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benign tumor arising from the acoustic vestibulocochlear nerve (8th cranial nerve) in the brain
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cholesteatoma
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collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear
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deafness
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loss of the ability to hear
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Me'nie're disease
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disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear marked by elevated endolymph pressure within the cochlea (cochleear hydrops) and semicircular canals (vestibular hydrops)
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otitis media
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inflammation of the middle ear
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otosclerosis
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hardening of the bony tissue of the labyrinth of the ear
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serous otitis media
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is a noninfectious inflammation with accumulation of serous fluid
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tinnitus
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sensation of noises (ringing, buzzin, whistling, booming ) in the ears
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vertigo
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sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects
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audiometry
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testing the sense of hearing
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cochlear implant
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surgically implanted device allowing sensorineural hearing-impaired persons to understand speech
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ear thermometry
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measurement of the temperature of the tympanic membrane by detection of infrared radiation from the eardrum
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otoscopy
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visual examination of the ear with an otoscope
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tuning fork test
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test of ear conduction using a vibration source (tuning fork)
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AD
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right ear (latin, auris dextra)
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AOM
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acute otitis media
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AS
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left ear (latin, auris sinistra)
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EENT
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eyes, ears, nose, and throat
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ENG
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electronystagmography; a test of the balance mechanism of the inner ear by assessing eye movements (nystagmus is rapidly twitching eye movement)
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ENT
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ears, nose, and throat
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PE tube
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pressure equalizing tube; a polyethylene ventilating tube placed in the eardrum
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SOM
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serous otitis media
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AMD
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age-related macular degeneration
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IOL
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intraocular lens
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IOP
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intraocular pressure
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LASIK
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laser in situ keratomileusis
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OD
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right eye (latin, oculus dexter); doctor of optometry (optometrist)
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OS
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left eye (Latin, oculus sinister)
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OU
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both eyes (latin, oculusuterque)
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PERRLA
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pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation
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POAG
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primary open-angle glaucoma
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VA
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visual acuity
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vF
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visual field
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olfactory
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centers of smell in the nose
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