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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sioux War
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- Dispute about rights to gold in the Black Hills of South Dakota; the gold was on Sioux reservation land and the United States wished to buy it back, but native leaders who were not party to the treaty establishing the reservation refused to negotiate.
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Sand Creek Massacre
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- Surprise attack by U.S. troops on a Cheyenne camp. The Indians had been conducting peace negotiations with the fort's commander, and surrendered but John Chivington and his men continued to kill over 200 Cheyenne’s. (led to Plain Indians war)
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Wounded Knee Massacre
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- Fought on December 29, 1890 at Wounded Knee, South Dakota. This was the last major encounter between Native Americans and the U.S. Army. The U.S surrounded a village of Lakota Sioux and an accidental discharge of a firearm led to panic. The Army opened fire on the village, killing nearly all the people inside
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Ghost Dances
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- Religious dance of Native Americans who want to talk to the dead.
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Dawes Severalty Act
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- The act divided land into small plots for individual Indians. The head of the family would receive a grant of 160 acres, single adults received 80 acres, and children received 40 acres each. (Aimed to end tribal life- most important legal development in Indian- White relations in three centuries)
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Gold Rush of 1849
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- Thousands of prospective gold miners traveled by sea or over land to San Francisco and the surrounding area; by the end of 1849, the non-native population of the California territory was some 100,000 (mass migration to the west)
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Overland Trail
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- Main route taken during the Gold Rush; Oregon/Santa Fe Trail (mass migration to the west)
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Homestead Act of 1862
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- Gave away 48 million acres, sold about 100 million acres to private citizens and corporations, and granted 128 million acres to railroads tempt railroad companies to build across the unsettled west, and sold huge tract to the states . Gave 160 acres to anyone who paid a $10 registration fee and pledged to live and work on the land for 5 years. (mass migration of Europeans and Americans; almost 600k families claimed homesteads between 1862 and 1900)
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Newlands Act
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- The Newlands Act allowed government to undertake irrigation projects to establish farms
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Placer Mining
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- mining valuable minerals from a placer by washing or dredging
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Comstock Lode
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- gold and silver source in the Virginia Mountains of western Nevada
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Exodusters
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- African Americans who fled the Southern United States for Kansas in 1879 and 1880
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Dry farming
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- Farming used in dry area by planting drought-resistant crops and using mulch to protect the soil from loosing moisture through evaporation.
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Bonanza Farms
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- Bonanza farms were run by new technologies and financed with outside capital. (new technologies and developments)
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The Grange
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- Provided social, cultural, and educational opportunities for members; banned involvement in politics but most Grangers still supported railroad regulation
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Frederick Jackson Turner
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- United States historian who stressed the role of the western frontier in American history
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Turner’s Thesis
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- The existence of an area of free land, continuous recession, and the advance of American settlements westward, explain American development.
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Open Range
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- A large area of grazing land without fences or other barriers.
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Geronimo
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- Apache chief who raided the white settlers in the Southwest as resistance to being confined to a reservation.
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Little Big Horn
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- US under Custer vs Native Americans near Little Bighorn River; Custer was pursuing Sioux; Custer underestimated the size of the Sioux forces (supported by Cheyenne warriors) and was killed along with all his command
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