Chapter 17- Patterns And Processes In Inheritance

Front 1

P generation is...

Back 1

Parent generation

Front 2

F1 Generation is.....

Back 2

Offspring of regeneration

Front 3

F2 generation is....

Back 3

Offspring of F1 Generation

Front 4

Difference between dominant and recessive allele?

Back 4

Dominant- is always expressed, even when paired with recessive allele

Recessive- only expresses when both alleles are present

Front 5

What is homozygous?

Back 5

Having 2 of the same alleles;

either 2 dominant or 2 recessive

Hint 5

Pure/true= heterozygous

Front 6

Homozygous example?

Back 6

In proplants, tall is dominant to short.

Homozygous....

●Dominant (TT)

●Recessive (tt)

Front 7

What is heterozygous? Example?

Back 7

Having one dominant and one recessive allele

Ex: heterozygous (Tt)

Hint 7

Hybrid= heterozygous

Front 8

Difference between phenotype and genotype

Back 8

Phenotype= physical characteristics (ex: tall or short)

Genotype= genetic makeup

(Ex: TT, Tt, tt)

Front 9

Punnett Square is...

Back 9

a tool to understand patterns of heredity

Front 10

Sexual Reproduction

Back 10

a cell containing genetic info from mom and dad to form a new cell; offspring

Front 11

Test cross is used for

Back 11

determining the genotype of a phenotypically dominant individual

Front 12

test cross is

Back 12

a cross b/w an organism of unknown genotype (dominant) and a homozygous recessive individual

Front 13

What is incomplete dominance?

Back 13

When neither allele is completely dominant over the other

Front 14

Hybrid means...

Back 14

Heterozygous

Front 15

In incomplete dominance, the hybrid is _______ b/w the 2 _________of the parents

Back 15

Intermediate, phenotypes

Front 16

What is codominance?

Back 16

When both alleles are fully expressed in hybrid

Front 17

Ex of codominance

Back 17

Human blood type AB, animals and Roan color

Front 18

Definition for multiple alleles

Back 18

A gene that is controlled by more than 2 alleles

(Ex: blood typing in humans)

Front 19

In multiple alleles, different alleles will exist in the population but any identical will have ___

Back 19

2

Front 20

What is order of dominance

Back 20

When each allele is dominant to all alleles that follow it

Front 21

Which chromosome pair has the Sex of the individual determined?

Back 21

23rd pair

Front 22

Why do X linked traits show up more in males than females?

Back 22

Because males only have 1 X chromosome

Front 23

Are genes for certain traits carried on the Y chromosome?

Back 23

No

Front 24

What is epistasis?

Back 24

A condition where one gene affects the phenotype expression of another gene.

Front 25

Example of epistasis?

Back 25

Coat color in dogs;

Gene 1 (blue/black B/b)

Gene 2 (allows/inhibits pigment formation E/e)

Front 26

Polygenic inheritance?

Back 26

When more than one gene controls a trait

Front 27

Polygenes?

Back 27

They are the genes involved in polygenic inheritance

Front 28

Polygenic inheritance example?

Back 28

Skin pigmentation: on a spectrum

AABBCC (max pigmentation)

aabbcc (min pigmentation)

Front 29

Depending on how many dominant alleles an individual has, they will be on the _____ of spectrum, while recessive will be on the ______

Back 29

Left, right

Front 30

Gene linkage

Back 30

When 2 or more genes are on the same chromosome

Front 31

Why would genes "tend" to stay together during gamete formation

Back 31

Due to crossing over, they may be separated

Front 32

Crossing over is likely to happen with genes that are _________

Back 32

Further apart

Front 33

What are recombinant

Back 33

When genotypes differ from parents cross over

Front 34

Recombinant types

Back 34

When chromosomes of F1 Generation have different combinations then the P generation

Front 35

What is recombination frequency? Related to?

Back 35

Percentage of times a cross over occurred. It's related to the distance between genes on a chromosomes.

Front 36

What is chromosome mapping

Back 36

It's used to determine a relative position of genes in a chromosome

Front 37

What are pedigrees

Back 37

Type of flow chart that uses symbols to show the pattern of relationships and traits in a family over many generations

Front 38

Pedigrees are used to figure out....

Back 38

The pattern (mode) of inheritance

Front 39

When unaffected parents have an affected child, then the parent genotypes are __________ and the mode of inheritance is ___________.

Back 39

Heterozygous; recessive

Front 40

In pedigrees, when the trait is autosomal, then there's ________between genders in the ______________.

Back 40

No significance; frequency of the phenotype expression

Front 41

If a trait shows up more frequently in males, then it's most likely

Back 41

Sex linked

Front 42

If a trait seems to skip generations, it's most likely....

Back 42

Recessive

Front 43

If a trait shows up in every generation, then it's most likely....

Back 43

Dominant

Front 44

Mode of inheritance: recessive

Assign all affected individuals with....

Back 44

A homozygous recessive genotype (ex aa)

Front 45

Mode of inheritance: recessive

Assign all unaffected individuals with....

Back 45

One dominant allele

Front 46

(recessive) When assigning an allele to an unaffected individual, will there be unknown?

Back 46

Yes

Front 47

Mode of inheritance: dominant

Assign all unaffected individuals a....

Back 47

Homozygous recessive genotype

Front 48

(dominant mode of inheritance)

Assign all affected individuals with ......

Back 48

One dominant allele (Aa, A__)