Chapter 16 Psych

Front 1

Most Common Biological Treatment

Back 1

Medication that alters the production of or response to neurotransmitters in the brain.

Front 2

Six Cautions about Drug Treatments

Back 2

Placebo Effect

High relapse and dropout rate

Disregard for effective, possibly better non-medical treatments

Dosage problems (races, body weight, metabolism)

Unknown risks over time and drug interactions

Untested off-label uses (after FDA approves, can use for other disorders)

Front 3

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Back 3

Used to treat people who are depressed / suicidal thoughts and no other treatments work.

The current causes a seizer that lasts a minute causing the body to convulse. Convulsions are minimized with relaxants / anesthesia.

Depression usually returns within a few weeks to months.

Front 4

Psychodynamic Therapy

Back 4

Exploring the deep unconscious dynamics of personality, such as defenses and conflicts which could be the source of the patients problems.

Uses Transference, displacement of emotional elements of his or her inner life; outward onto the analyst.

Now days they are more concerned with helping solve problems & ease emotional symptoms then traditional analysts.

Front 5

Implementing Exposer Therapy

Back 5

Exposes the patient to things that they are afraid of. The client controls the degree of confrontation with the source of the fear.

For example someone who is trying to avoid a traumatic event might be asked to imagine the event over and over until the clients panic and anxiety decline.

Flooding is when the therapist takes the client directly into the feared situation and remains there until the clients panic and anxiety decline.

Front 6

Systematic Desensitization

Back 6

The client learns to relax deeply while imagining or looking at a sequence of feared stimuli, arranged in a hierarchy from the least frightening to the most frightening.

EX: People afraid of spiders may look at Charlotte's Web, then pictures of small cute spiders then tarantulas.

Front 7

How does skill training help improve mental disorders?

Back 7

Behavior therapy that teaches the client skills that he or she may lack, as well as new constructive behaviors to replace self-defeating ones. Can be considered a operant-conditioning techniques.

Front 8

Contingency Management

Back 8

Patients are rewarded (or, less often, punished) for their behavior; generally, adherence to or failure to adhere to program rules and regulations or their treatment plan.

Front 9

Ellis' rational emotive behavior therapy / Beck's cognitive therapy attempt to treat mental disorders...

Back 9

By using rational arguments to directly challenge a clients unrealistic beliefs or expectations.

Test the patients beliefs against the evidence.

People who are emotionally upset often overgeneralize.

Front 10

Mindfulness

Back 10

Nonjudgmental, present-centered awareness in which each thought, feeling, or sensation that arises in the attentional field is acknowledged and accepted as it is.

Front 11

Client-centered Therapy

Back 11

Developed by Carl Rogers.

Therapist listen to the clients needs in an accepting, non-judgmental way. Offering unconditional positive regard. The goal is to build the clients self-esteem and self-acceptance.

Front 12

Scientist-Practitioner Gap

Back 12

Many practitioners claim that psychotherapy is an art that you acquire from clinical experience and not a science.

Psychological scientists agree that therapy is a complex process but needs scientific research just like any other science complex. Therapists must be aware of findings in the field that can help their client.

This has been widening because of all the therapists who are not connected to academic psych departments.