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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Psychotherapy? |
-is the treatment of psychological problems through psychological techniques -over 500 -not the same as counseling(based on research) |
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What is the placebo effect? |
is a nonspecific improvement as a result of a persons expectations of change -double-blind technique -no active treatment |
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Hans Eysenck |
-claimed that psychotherapy produced no greater change in maladjustment than natural life experiences -therapy doesn't work for everyone |
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effectiveness of psychotherapy |
-researchers content that most therapies are equally effective -systematic research=not all are equally effective for certain disorders |
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eclectic approach |
integrating diverse theories and techniques |
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common factors among clients |
-usually expect a positive outcome attention helps maintain a positive attitude -must be willing to make a change -at some point you will make a change |
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common factors among therapists |
-good therapists communicate: --interest, understanding respect, fact, maturity, ability to help -respect their clients' ability to cope with troubles -dose not engage in other relationships with clients -Rapport---Key--- |
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Culture and gender in therapy |
-therapist must respect multiculturalism -recognize that culture is powerful and can be used as a tool to influence clients |
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Brief Therapy |
-one session --might not work for some people -planned short-term treatments -Operational diagnosis-"why is the client here today?" -establishes precise goals for therapy |
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Psychodynamic therapy |
-is the unconscious disorder Freud's therapy is an insight therapy -lengthy = 1-3 times a week
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what are the 2 basic assumptions about psychodynamic therapy? |
1. Becoming aware of one's motivation helps one change 2. The causes of maladjustment are unresolved unconscious conflicts |
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What is paychanalysis? |
-Freud -aims at uncovering unconscious conflicts and uses techniques such as free association and dream analysis |
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Non-freudian based therapies |
-uses techniques derived from Freud -more concerned with consious -more optimistic, love, status |
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Goal of Psychoanalysis |
-maladjustment result of unresolved conflicts -goal: is to help patients understand the unconscious motivations that direct their behaviors. |
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What are the techniques? |
1. free association: what ever comes to mind 2. dream analysis 3. interpretation: provide content meaning 4. resistance: unwilling to provide info 5. transference:the pain becomes an object --another 6. working through |
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Criticisms of psychoanalysis |
-unscientific, imprecise and subjective -Elements of Freud's theory are untestable + sexist -the patients must me motivated -expensive not effect on psychotic disorders |
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Humanistic Therapy Emphasize |
-development of human potential -Belief that human nature is positive -stress the importance of assuming responsibility and living in the present -be all you can be |
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Carl Rogers + client centered therapy |
=person-centered therapy -is an insight therapy that helps people evaluate the world and themselves from their own perspective |
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techniques of client-centred therapy |
Goal: help people discover their ideal selves -therapist guides them --unconditional positive regard --congruence --empathic listening -tries to increase awareness |
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Positives of client-centered |
-focus on the therapeutic relationship |
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negatives of client-centered |
-core concepts are difficult to falsify -not enough to bring about change -more effective than no treatment, but mixed results compared to other therapies |
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Behaviour therapy |
-sometimes people have problems that do not warrant an investigation into childhood experiences and the unconsious -quick and inexpensive -very effective for treatment for problem behaviour |
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focus and goals of behaviour therapy |
focus: changing overt behaviour goal: using learning principles to help people replace manipulative behaviours with more effective ones |
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Operant conditioning in behaviour therapy |
-depends on reinforcer, an event or circumstance that increases the circumstance that increases the probability a response will occur EX: getting children to do chores |
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token economies |
-reward adaptive behaviour -people who display approprite behaviours receive tokens |
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Extinction |
-suggest parents stop reinforcing the crying behaviour EX: crying until the child gets what they want. |
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punishment |
involves the presentation of an aversion stimulus |
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time out |
removal of a person from anything that is exciting |
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exposure therapies |
counter conditioning a person |
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the basic assumptions of cognitive therapy |
1. are identifiable and measured 2. are jey in both healthy and unhealthy psychological functioning -irrational belief or thinking can be replaced by more rational and adaptive cognitions |
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Albert Ellis + rational emotive therapy |
-assumed abnormal behaviour is caused by faulty and irrational thinking patterns -how we feel about the consequences of an event is determined by our beliefs or opinions |
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irrational beliefs |
-product of peoples needs to be liked, to be competent, to be loved |
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Becks approach |
-depression is caused by peoples disorted thoughts about reality -most effective with depression --in bipolar disorders as well |
