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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A lateral meristem capable of dividing to produce additional xylem toward the inside of the stem and additional phloem toward the outside is the definition of what?
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Cambium
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Wood is a vernacular (what does that mean?) name for accumulation of what kind of cells?
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vernacular- native or indigenous
Accumulation of secondary xylem |
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What is the difference between sapwood and heartwood in terms of functionality of their cells and also in terms of their location in a "woody" steam?
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Sapwood- functional xylem that works in conducting water
Heartwood- older, non functional xylem cells, located in center core |
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What is the difference in the origin of softwood and hardwood?
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Softwood is wood produced by gymnosperm plants. (xylem composed of tracheids)
Hardwood is wood produced by angiosperm plants. (xylem composed of vessels) |
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What temperature regions of the world cause tree rings that are more reliable for age determination than other regions of the world?
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cold temperate regions
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How is charcoal produced?
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It is wood that is burned slowly in a limited oxygen environment
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What property does charcoal have that makes it valuable to produce?
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charcoal can burn at higher temperatures than wood (this is because the volatile hydrocarbons burned off)
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What is veneer?
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are thin sheets of wood of uniform thickness that are often affixed to another surface, usually a different wood or composition board.
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What group of people were the first to make true paper, and about when?
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Chinese, AD 100
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When and where was the first paper-making machine developed?
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1789- after French Revolution
In France |
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Many kinds of paper turn yellow and brittle with age due to the presence in them of what two chemicals?
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pectins and lignins
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What do rayon and cellophane have in common, chemically?
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100 percent pure cellulose
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Cork is what part of a tree?
What type of tree (common name)? Where is this native? |
the woody bark of a tree
Cork Oak Mediterranean Sea |
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Which is more valuable, "virgin" or the first stripped cork, or that produced later?
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Cork produced later are superior
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How long will you have to wait before you can have a harvest of cork?
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one must first wait till the tree matures to 25 years old and then strip the virgin layer of cork off. Then you must wait 9-10 years for cork to be produced once again on the tree.
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In China (also Japan), bamboo is used to symbolically represent what?
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Represents resistance to hardship
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The box essay: "A Good Strategy Turned Sour" refers to a "good strategy" of what organism?
What organism does the "sour" apply to? |
bamboo
panda |
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What are the three disadvantages of "clear-cutting" as a logging practice?
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1) Sets in motion a cycle of irreversible erosion
2) Loss of mycorrhizea (important fungi serve as a conduit for soil nutrients into the roots) 3) Local population extinctions of other plants and animals. |
