Chapter 16 Of Neuroscience: Exploring The Brain

Front 1

aMSH and CART:
1) What triggers their release?
2) What brain areas do they target?
3) What do they cause the release of, what do these compounds do?
4) These effects mean they are ______ peptides.

Back 1

1) Triggered by upped levels of leptin
2) Target the lateral hypothalamus, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, and the brain stem/spinal cord
3) Lead to the release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and ACTH, increasing metabolism and decreasing appetite.
4) Anorectic

Front 2

1) What releases leptin?
2) What does leptin target?
3) What does this area release?

Back 2

1) Fat cells release leptin.
2) Leptin targets the arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus.
3) This area releases aMSH and CART (anorectic peptides).

Front 3

Which happens when leptin levels are low?

Back 3

Low levels of leptin activate the NPY (neuropeptide Y) and AgRP neurons in the arcuate nucleus. These neurons further block the release of TSH and ACTH, sometimes triggerthe release of MCH and Orexin from the Lateral Hypothalamus, and stimulate feeding behavior.

Front 4

What are the three short-term satiety signals?

Back 4

Food intake = the mechanoreceptors in the stomach sense stretching, the intestinal wall releases Cholecystokinin = stimulation of vagus nerve to send satiety signals to the SOLITARY TRACT NUCLEUS IN THE MEDULLA.
Upped blood sugar = insulin increase = satiety signals to the hypothalamus's arcuate nucleus

Front 5

Dopamine goes from the ___ ___ to the ___ ___ as part of a "reward" system.

Back 5

ventral tegmentum, nucleus accembens

Front 6

Drugs that stimulate 5-HT release and/or inhibit its reuptake have what effect on appetite? What sorts of drugs do this?

Back 6

They depress it.
Accelerants, such as amphetamines and cocaine