Chapter 16 Not Covered In 2006

Front 1

alluvial fan, p 481

Back 1

Land counterpart of a delta . An assemblage of sediments marking place where a stream moves from a steep gradient to a flatter gradient and suddenly loses transporting power. Typical of arid and semiarid climates but not confined to them

Front 2

alluvium, p 479

Back 2

unconsolidated sediment deposited by a stream or river. Alluvium is not underwater, it is adjacent to the stream or river.

Hint 2

Alluvium makes great farmland.

Front 3

antecedent stream, p 490

Back 3

a stream that continued to downcut and maintain its original course as an area along its course was uplifted by faulting for folding

Front 4

backswamp, p 481

Back 4

A swamp that forms in the low lying flood plain behind a levee.

Front 5

bar, p 479

Back 5

1. A mass of sand, gravel, or alluvium deposited on the bed of a stream, sea, or lake, or at the mouth of a stream

Front 6

base level, p 475

Back 6

Of a stream is the point below which the stream cannot cut. A temporary base level along a stream, such as a lake may be removed by stream action. Ultimate base level is the ocean.

Front 7

bed load, p 477

Back 7

Material in motion along a stream bed

Front 8

braided stream, p 479

Back 8

braided stream A stream with a complex tangle of converging and diverging channels separated by sand bars or islands.

Front 9

capacity, p 478

Back 9

The total amount of material a stream is able to carry under given conditions

Front 10

competence, p 479

Back 10

The maximum size of particle that a stream can carry.

Front 11

cut bank, p 486

Back 11

the area of active erosion on the outside of a meander

Front 12

cutoff, p 487

Back 12

a short channel segment created when a river erodes through a narrow neck of land between meanders

Front 13

delta, p 482

Back 13

An assemblage of sediments accumulated where a stream flows into a body of standing water and its velocity and transporting power are suddenly reduced. . A "delta plain" is the upper surface of a delta.

Front 14

dendritic pattern, p 489

Back 14

A stream pattern that, when viewed on a map or from the air, resembles the branching pattern of a deciduous tree such as a maple or oak.

Front 15

discharge, p 472

Back 15

In a stream, the volume of water passing through a channel in a given time.

Front 16

dissolved load, p 477

Back 16

Amount of material water carries in solution

Front 17

distributary, p 482

Back 17

Stream channels that fan out from the upstream point of the delta and carry the sediments that build the delta.

Front 18

divide, p 489

Back 18

The line that separates one drainage basin from another.

Front 19

drainage basin, p 489

Back 19

The area from which a stream and its tributaries receives its water.

Front 20

evapotranspiration, p 468

Back 20

the combined effect of evaporation and transpiration

Front 21

flood, p 491

Back 21

Peak flow that tops the banks of a stream channel.

Front 22

floodplain, p 491

Back 22

Area bordering a stream over which water spreads when the stream tops its channel banks

Front 23

graded stream, p 475

Back 23

omit

Front 24

gradient, p 471

Back 24

Slope of a stream bed or hillside. The vertical distance of descent over horizontal distance of slope.

Front 25

head (headwaters), p 473

Back 25

the beginning or source area for a stream

Front 26

headward erosion, p 489

Back 26

the extension upslope of the head of a valley due to erosion

Front 27

hydrologic cycle, p 468

Back 27

The pattern of water circulation from the ocean to the atmosphere to the land and back to the ocean.

Front 28

incised meander, p 488

Back 28

meandering channel flowing in a steep narrow valley. These features form either when an area is uplifted or when the base level drops

Front 29

infiltration, p 470

Back 29

the movement of surface water into rock or soil through cracks and pore spaces

Front 30

laminar flow, p 471

Back 30

Fluid flow in which flow lines are distinct, and parallel and do not mix. Compare with turbulent flow.

Front 31

local base level, p 475

Back 31

see "temporary base level"

Front 32

longitudinal profile, p 473

Back 32

a cross-section of a stream channel along its descending course from the head to the mouth

Front 33

meander, p 486

Back 33

A sharp bend, loop or turn in a stream's course. When abandoned, called a meander scar or an oxbow .

Front 34

meander scar, p 487

Back 34

a floodplain feature created when an oxbow lake becomes filled with sediment

Front 35

mouth, p 473

Back 35

the point downstream where a river empties ito another stream or water body

Front 36

natural levee, p 481

Back 36

an elevated landform composed of alluvium paralleling some streams and confining their waters, except during floodstage

Front 37

oxbow lake, p 481

Back 37

A lake in an abandoned meander.

Front 38

Playfair's Law, p 484

Back 38

a valley is produced by the stream that runs in it

Hint 38

the stream isn't located there because the valley is a naturally low place that the stream later occupied

Front 39

point bar, p 479

Back 39

Accumulations of sand and gravel deposited in slack water on inside of a winding or meandering river.

Front 40

pothole, p 475

Back 40

A hole or basin cut into bedrock of a stream by the abrasive action of pebbles and sand swirled by turbulent stream flow.

Front 41

radial pattern, p 489

Back 41

A pattern in which streams radiate outward from a high central zone

Front 42

rapids, p 485

Back 42

Turbulent stream water flow down a steep gradient, but not as steep as in a waterfall.

Front 43

rectangular pattern, p 489

Back 43

A pattern in which a stream and its tributaries follow courses marked by nearly right angle bends.

Front 44

recurrence interval, p 491

Back 44

the average time interval between hydrological events such as floods of a given or greater magnitude.

Front 45

return period, p 491

Back 45

see "recurrence interval"

Front 46

rills, p 470

Back 46

tiny channels developing as unconfined flow begins to produce threads of current

Front 47

runoff, p. 468

Back 47

The precipitation that runs directly off the surface to stream or body of standing water.

Front 48

saltation, p 478

Back 48

A process of sediment transport in which a particle jumps from one point to another.

Front 49

settling velocity, p 478

Back 49

the speed at which a particle falls through a still fluid. The size, shape, and specific gravity of the particles influence settling velocity.

Front 50

sheet flow, p 470

Back 50

runoff moving in unconfined thin sheets

Front 51

sorting, p 479

Back 51

x

Front 52

stream piracy, p 490

Back 52

x

Front 53

superposed stream, p 491

Back 53

x

Front 54

suspended load, p 477

Back 54

x

Front 55

temporary (local base level, p 475

Back 55

x

Front 56

terrace, p 489

Back 56

x

Front 57

transpiration, p 468

Back 57

x

Front 58

trellis drainage pattern, p 489

Back 58

x

Front 59

turbulent flow, p. 471

Back 59

x

Front 60

ultimate base level, p 475

Back 60

x

Front 61

water gap, p 490

Back 61

x

Front 62

waterfall, p 485

Back 62

x

Front 63

yazoo tributary, p 481

Back 63

x