Chapter 16 Med Term

Front 1

cup-shaped end of renal tubule containing the glomerulus

Back 1

Bowman's capsule aka renal capsule

Front 2

cup-shaped part of the renal pelvis through which urine passes from the renal tubules

Back 2

calyx

Front 3

the outer layer of the kidney

Back 3

cortex

Front 4

collection of coiled intertwined capillaries located in the kidney cortex

Back 4

glomerulus

Front 5

two organs on the posterior abdominal wall that filter the blood, excreting the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine, and regulating body mineral levels

Back 5

kidneys

Front 6

the inner layer of the kidney

Back 6

medulla

Front 7

the structural and functional unit of the kidney, the parenchyma, numbering about a million and capable of forming urine

Back 7

nephron

Front 8

one of the two large arteries branching from the abdominal aorta that supplies blood to kidneys, adrenals, and ureters

Back 8

renal artery

Front 9

the funnel-shaped expansion of the upper end of the ureter

Back 9

renal pelvis

Front 10

long, twisted tube leading from glomerulus to collecting tubules

Back 10

renal tubule

Front 11

one of two large veins that carries blood from the kidneys to the inferior vena cava

Back 11

renal vein

Front 12

the tubular structure through which urine passes from the kidney to the bladder

Back 12

ureter

Front 13

the passage through which urine is discharged from the bladder to the body exterior

Back 13

urethra

Front 14

musculomembranous sac that stores urine, receiving it through the ureters and discharging it through the urethra

Back 14

urinary bladder

Front 15

opening of the urethra to the exterior

Back 15

urinary meatus

Front 16

excess urea (or other nitrogen compound) in urine

Back 16

azoturia

Front 17

kidney stone(s)

Back 17

calculus (renal)

Front 18

inflammation of the urinary bladder

Back 18

cystitis

Front 19

the process of using an artificial kidney to filter waste materials from the body

Back 19

dialysis

Front 20

a kidney not securely fixed in the usual location because of birth defect or injury

Back 20

"floating kidney"

Front 21

nephritis with inflammation of the capillary loops in the renal glomeruli

Back 21

glomerulonephritis

Front 22

distention of the renal pelvis with urine, caused by obstruction of the ureter

Back 22

hydronephrosis

Front 23

a condition marked by the presence of renal calculi (stones)

Back 23

nephrolithiasis

Front 24

downward displacement of a kidney

Back 24

nephroptosis

Front 25

suture of the kidney

Back 25

nephrorrhaphy

Front 26

inflammation of the renal pelvis

Back 26

pyelitis

Front 27

kidney fails to function normally e.g. in excretion of body wast

Back 27

renal failure

Front 28

transferring a kidney surgically from one person to another to replace diseased structure

Back 28

renal transplant

Front 29

the retention of toxic body waste in blood

Back 29

uremia

Front 30

creation of a new outlet for a ureter through the abdominal wall to the outside

Back 30

ureterostomy

Front 31

inflammation of the urethra

Back 31

urethritis

Front 32

an infection of the urinary tract

Back 32

urinary tract infection aka UTI

Front 33

a malignant tumor of the kidney, usually affecting children under age 5

Back 33

Wilms' tumor

Front 34

abnormal presence of serum albumin (protein) in the urine

Back 34

albuminuria

Front 35

no urine produced

Back 35

anuria

Front 36

full urinary bladder

Back 36

bladder distention

Front 37

blood tests for kidney function, especially blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatine

Back 37

blood chemistries

Front 38

the urea (in terms of nitrogen) concentration of serum or plasma; an important indicator of renal function

Back 38

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Front 39

passage of a catheter (tube) into the bladder to relieve bladder distention or for other purposes

Back 39

catheterization

Front 40

popular test for urine glucose or other substances

Back 40

Clinitest

Front 41

able to control urination (and/or defecation)

Back 41

continent

Front 42

visual examination of the urinary tract with a cystoscope

Back 42

cystoscopy

Front 43

increase excretion of urine

Back 43

diuresis

Front 44

painful or difficult urination

Back 44

dysuria

Front 45

uncontrolled urination while sleeping (bed-wetting)

Back 45

enuresis

Front 46

desire to urinate at short intervals, but discharging small amounts because of reduced bladder capacity

Back 46

frequency (urgency)

Front 47

the presence of blood in urine

Back 47

hematuria

Front 48

inability to control urination (and/or defecation)

Back 48

incontinent

Front 49

a technique in radiology for examining the structures and evaluating the function of the urinary system

Back 49

intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

Front 50

I & O

Back 50

intake and output. The amount of fluids (usually) ingested and excreted in a given period of time, measured and charted

Front 51

KUB

Back 51

kidney, ureter, bladder

Front 52

micturate

Back 52

urinate

Front 53

excessive urination at night

Back 53

noctura, nycturia

Front 54

excreting a small amount of urine

Back 54

oliguria

Front 55

pus in urine

Back 55

pyuria

Front 56

a technique in radiology for examining the structures of the collecting system of the kidneys that is especially useful in locating an obstruction in the urinary tract

Back 56

retrograde pyelogram

Front 57

an image produced after the patient is injected with an radioactive substance. It determine kidney shape and function

Back 57

scan (renal)

Front 58

special paper that changed color when dipped in urine

Back 58

Testape

Front 59

imaging body structures by recording the echoes of high-frequency sound waves reflected by body tissues on a paper of other device

Back 59

ultrasonography

Front 60

analysis of the urine, e.g., acidity, sugar level

Back 60

urinalysis (UA)

Front 61

inability to urinate for various reasons. Body retains urine waste

Back 61

urinary retention

Front 62

a combining form meaning "pertaining to the bladder"

Back 62

vesico-

Front 63

to empty the bladder, urinate

Back 63

void

Front 64

pea-sized glans that secrete lubricating fluid during intercourse. Also called bulbourethral gland.

Back 64

Cowper's glands

Front 65

tip of the penis

Back 65

glans penis

Front 66

the organ of copulation

Back 66

penis

Front 67

area between the scrotum and the anus

Back 67

perineum

Front 68

fold of skin covering the glans penis at birth; foreskin

Back 68

prepuce

Front 69

gland surrounding the neck of the bladder and urethra; contributes secretions that enhance sperm motility and neutralizes acid vaginal secretions

Back 69

prostate gland

Front 70

two-compartment sac outside the body that houses the testes

Back 70

scrotum

Front 71

one of the pair of male gonads that produce semen

Back 71

testis

Front 72

a duct bordering the testes for storage, transit, and maturation of spermatozoa

Back 72

epididymis

Front 73

extensions of the epididymis that joins the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct

Back 73

vas deferens

Front 74

the passages for conveyance of spermatozoa and semen

Back 74

seminal duct

Front 75

the duct formed by the union of the vas deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle

Back 75

ejaculatory duct vesicle

Front 76

opening for sperm and urine passage to the outside of the body

Back 76

urethra

Front 77

their secretions mix with sperm to form seminal fluid

Back 77

accessory glands

Front 78

external genitalia of male

Back 78

scrotum and penis

Front 79

small mucus-secreting glands located near the vagina

Back 79

Bartholin's glands

Front 80

erectile tissue at junction of labia majora and labia minora; equivalent to male penis

Back 80

clitoris

Front 81

thin elastic connective tissue covering the vaginal opening

Back 81

hymen

Front 82

necklike section at lower end of uterus

Back 82

cervix

Front 83

ducts in which fertilization occurs and passageway for ova to uterus

Back 83

fallopian tubes

Front 84

the female gonad; either of the paired female sex glands in which ova are formed and released and which produce the female hormones

Back 84

ovary

Front 85

cavity opening into the vagina below and into a fallopian tube on either side; organ for nourishing the fetus

Back 85

uterus

Front 86

birth canal and receptacle for copulation

Back 86

vagina

Front 87

two outer folds of skin on either side of vaginal orifice

Back 87

labia majora

Front 88

two thin folds of skin within the folds of the labia majora

Back 88

labia minora

Front 89

female breasts; considered accessory glands to the FRS, they are necessary for breast-feeding of the infant

Back 89

mammary glands

Front 90

mound of fatty tissue over the pubis

Back 90

mons pubis

Front 91

area between vaginal orifice and anus

Back 91

perineum

Front 92

enlargement of the prostate gland, common among men by the age of 50

Back 92

benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

Front 93

removing foreskin, or prepuce

Back 93

circumcision

Front 94

undescended testicle(s)

Back 94

cryptorchidism

Front 95

inflammation of the epididymis; from venereal disease

Back 95

epididymitis

Front 96

fluid collected in the testes

Back 96

hydrocele

Front 97

castration of male

Back 97

orchiectomy

Front 98

fixation of an undescended testis in the scrotum

Back 98

orchiopexy

Front 99

inflammation of a testis

Back 99

orchitis

Front 100

excisions of all or part of the prostate

Back 100

prostatectomy

Front 101

varicose veins near the testes

Back 101

variocele

Front 102

male sterilization by cutting or tying the vas deferns

Back 102

vasectomy

Front 103

expulsion from the uterus of the products of conception before the fetus is viable

Back 103

abortion (AB)

Front 104

chronic or acute inflammation of Bartholin's glands

Back 104

Bartholin's cyst or abscess

Front 105

suture of the vagina; to correct cystocele and rectocele

Back 105

colporrhaphy

Front 106

examination of the cervix by means of a colposcope

Back 106

colposcopy

Front 107

hernia of the bladder into the vagina

Back 107

cystocele

Front 108

dilating the uterine cervix and using a curette to scrape the endometrium of the uterus; to diagnose disease, to correct vaginal bleeding, or to produce abortion

Back 108

dilatation and curettage (D&C)

Front 109

cells of the lining of the uterus spreading into the pelvis (peritoneal cavity)

Back 109

endometriosis

Front 110

colloquial term for benign tumor (leiomyoma) of the uterus

Back 110

fibroids

Front 111

an abnormal passage between two internal organs, e.g., vesicovaginal (between bladder and vagina) ______

Back 111

fistula

Front 112

fluid collecting in the uterine tube, causing distention

Back 112

hydrosalpinx

Front 113

excisions of the uterus

Back 113

hysterectomy

Front 114

an x-ray film of the uterus and the fallopian tubes to allow visualization of the cavity of the uterus and the passageway of the tubes

Back 114

hysterosalpingogram

Front 115

laparoscopic visualization of the peritoneal cavity

Back 115

laparoscopy

Front 116

a whitish, viscid discharge from the vagina

Back 116

leukorrhea

Front 117

spontaneous abortion

Back 117

miscarriage

Front 118

yeastlike fungus infection of the vagina and other body parts

Back 118

monilia (moniliasis)

Front 119

excisions of one or both ovaries; female castration

Back 119

oophorectomy

Front 120

a diagnostic procedure in which the external and internal genitalia are physically examined using inspection, palpation, etc

Back 120

pelvic examination

Front 121

any inflammatory condition of the female pelvic organs, especially one caused by bacterial infection

Back 121

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Front 122

downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina

Back 122

prolapse of the uterus

Front 123

excision of one or both fallopian tubes

Back 123

salpingectomy

Front 124

inflammation of one or both of the fallopian tubes

Back 124

salpingitis

Front 125

inflammation of the vagina by a parasite, with itching and foul discharge

Back 125

trichomonas infection

Front 126

sterilization by "tying" both fallopian tubes

Back 126

tubal ligation

Front 127

an instrument used to dilate the vagina during a pelvic examination

Back 127

vaginal speculum

Front 128

a fatal disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which destroys the body's immune system by invading the helper T-cells (T-lymphocytes). HIV replicates itself in the T-cell, destroying the cell, and then invades other T-cells

Back 128

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Front 129

a widespread sexually transmitted bacterial infection that invades the urethra of men and the vagina and cervix of women. The disease is asymptomatic in the early stages, which makes possible the spread as the partners are unaware that they have it.

Back 129

chlamydia

Front 130

inflammation of the mucous membranes of the genital tract, affecting both male and female, caused by gonococci (berry-shaped) bacteria. ____ is spread by intercourse with an infected partner, or passed from an infected mother to her infant during birth

Back 130

gonorrhea

Front 131

a highly contagious venereal disease caused by the type 2 herpes simplec virus, although it may be caused by HSV-1, the virus is associated with oral infection (cold sores). Genital herpes is transmitted by direct contact with infected body secretions. Remissions and relapses occur and no drug is known to be effective as a cure.

Back 131

genital herpes

Front 132

small, fleshy growths on the external genitalia. ___ are transmitted from person to person through sexual intercourse. They are caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV) and appears from 1 to 6 months after the initial contact.

Back 132

genital warts

Front 133

a chronic, infectious disease caused by spirochete bacteria and transmitted by sexual intercourse with an infected partner. This is a highly infectious disease that can affect any body organ. A chancre (hard ulcer) appears on the external genitalia a few weeks after exposure. It usually develops on the penis of the male and on the labia of the female

Back 133

syphilis

Front 134

taking a sample of amniotic fluid during pregnancy for various reasons

Back 134

amniocentesis

Front 135

amniotic sac; bag of waters

Back 135

amnion (BOW)

Front 136

loss of feeling of sensation, especially the loss of pain sensation induced to permit the performance of surgery or other painful procedures

Back 136

anesthesia (OB)

Front 137

period from conception to the onset of labor

Back 137

antepartum

Front 138

the evaluation of an infant's physical condition, usually performed 1 to 5 min after birth, based on a rating of five factors that reflect the infant's ability to adjust to extrauterine life

Back 138

Apgar

Front 139

appearance of blood forerunning labor

Back 139

bloody show

Front 140

a surgical procedure in which the abdomen and uterus are incised and a baby is delivered

Back 140

caesarean (C-section)

Front 141

a condition in which the fetal head is too large for the mother's pelvis

Back 141

cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)

Front 142

a blood test to diagnose hemolytic anemias in a newborn

Back 142

Coombs' test

Front 143

abnormal labor or childbirth

Back 143

dystocia

Front 144

pregnancy outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube

Back 144

ectopic pregnancy (extrauterine)

Front 145

EDC

Back 145

expected date of confinement (due date)

Front 146

surgical incision into the perineum and/or vagina for obstetric purposes

Back 146

episiotomy

Front 147

the fetal heart sounds heard through the mother's abdomen in pregnancy

Back 147

fetal heart tones (FHT, fht)

Front 148

applying forceps to fetal head; low or midforceps delivery according to the degree of engagement of the fetal head and high when engagement has not occurred

Back 148

forceps delivery

Front 149

period from conception to birth

Back 149

gestation

Front 150

a pregnant woman

Back 150

gravida

Front 151

ICN

Back 151

intensive care nursery

Front 152

labor is initiated artificially, e.g., by a drug

Back 152

induction

Front 153

the depositing of seminal fluid within the vagina or cervix

Back 153

insemination

Front 154

period from onset of labor through first hour after delivery

Back 154

intrapartum

Front 155

LMP

Back 155

last menstrual period (due date)

Front 156

a vaginal discharge during the first week or two after childbirth

Back 156

lochia

Front 157

a dark green mucilaginous material in the intestine of the full-term fetus, expelled as first stool

Back 157

meconium

Front 158

a woman who has had more than one pregnancy

Back 158

multigravida

Front 159

a woman who has borne more than one viable infant

Back 159

multipara

Front 160

the first 4 weeks after birth

Back 160

neonatal

Front 161

the number of pregnancies, term deliveries, abortions, and stillbirths a woman has experienced

Back 161

obstetrical index (OB index)

Front 162

an instrument used to measure the capacity and diameter of the pelvis for delivery

Back 162

pelvimeter

Front 163

organ for exchange of nutrients and wastes between mother and fetus; called the afterbirth

Back 163

placenta

Front 164

a 6-week period following childbirth

Back 164

postpartum

Front 165

before birth

Back 165

prenatal

Front 166

the position of a baby in utero with reference to the part of the baby that is directed toward or into the birth canal

Back 166

presentation

Front 167

a woman bearing her first viable child

Back 167

primipara

Front 168

born dead

Back 168

stillborn (sb)

Front 169

the fertilization of an ovum outside of the uterus

Back 169

test-tube baby

Front 170

a group of pathologic conditions, essentially metabolic disturbances, occurring in pregnant women, manifested by hypertension, edema, etc. May be preeclampsia or eclampsia

Back 170

toxemia

Front 171

a period of 12 weeks

Back 171

trimester

Front 172

a "cheesy" white substance on the skin of the newborn

Back 172

vernix caseosa