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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Primary configuration of anitbodies
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Two heavy chain proteins and two light chain proteins held together by disulfide bond
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B-lymphocytes produce
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Antibodies
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Antibodies are more commonly called
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Immunoglobulins (Ig)
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Agglutination
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Binding of foreign cells into a complex that prevents attachment to host cells and enhances phagocytosis
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Neutralization
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Binding of immunoglobulins to exotoxins
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Immunoglobulins that bind to exotoxins
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Antitoxins
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Opsonization
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Process which facilitates the binding of an immunoglobulin to an antigenic capsule aiding phagocyctisis
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IgG
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Most common, 85% of all Ig's
Agglutinate cells Trigger complement Be an opsonin and antitoxin |
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IgM
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Second most common Ig
Ten reactive sites Most efficient Ig for pathogens in blood |
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IgA
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Function as monomer
Usually found as dimer, joined with J chain protein Secretory component allowing exit in saliva, tears, and milk |
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IgE
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Very low concentration in serum
Attaches to basophiles and mast cells Signals release of histamine |
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IgD
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Membrane bound on surface of B-lymphocyte
Specific antigen receptor B-Cell receptor (BCR) 250,000 - 500,000 configurations |
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Three subtypes of T-Cells
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Cytotoxic T-Cells
Type I Helper T-Cells Type II Helper T-Cells |
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Cytotoxic T-Cells
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CD8 glycoprotein
Sometimes referred to as T8 cell Will kill pathogenic and self cells |
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Type I Helper T-Cells
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CD4 and CD26 glycoprotein
CCD5 cytokine receptor Assist action action of Cytotoxic T-Cells |
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Type II Helper T-Cells
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CD4 glycoprotein
CCR3 and CCR4 cytokine receptors Regulate activity of B-Cells |
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Cytokines
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Chemical messengers that move information from one type of body cell to another
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3 types of Cytokines
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Interleukins (ILs)
Interferons (INFs) Tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) |
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Major Histocompatability Complex (MHC)
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Glycoprotein and antigenic determinant complex found on the surface of all nucleated cells
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Two types of antigen processing
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Exogenous Antigen Processing
Endogenous Antigen Processing |
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Exogenous Antigen Processing
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Phagosome engulfs pathogen
Inside phagosome antigenic determinants Vesicle with MHC Type II merges with phagosome Antigenic determinants bind to appropriate MHC Phagosome fuse's will cell membrane, exposing complex |
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Endogenous Antigen Processing
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Pathogens inside host cell
Antigens catabolized releasing antigenic determinants At ER, bind with MHC Type I Bound determinants migrate to golgi body, released as vesicle Determinant bound MHC's exposed |
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2 types of B-Cell Activation
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T-independent antigens
T-dependant antigens |
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T-independent antigens
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Antigens w/ exposed determinants bind directly with BCR
B-Cell becomes activated B-Cell coded to produce antigen specific antibodies B-Cell>plasma cells>anitbodies |
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T-dependant antigens
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Activated Type II Helper T-Cell binds to B-Cell w/ appropriate MHC II receptor
CD4 glycoprotein stablizes Helper T-Cell secretes interluekin-4, activating B-Cell B-Cell coded to produce antigen specific antibodies B-Cell>plasma cells>anitbodies Plasma cells become memory B-Cells |
