Chapter 16 - Environmental Emergencies

Front 1

What part of the brain regulates the factors involved with production of heat and its loss or conservation?

Back 1

Hypothalamus

Front 2

What is the metabolic activity called that maintains cellular functions at rest and provides a constant supply of heat?

Back 2

Basal metabolism

Front 3

What are the five (5) primary ways heat can be lost from the body

Back 3

1. Radiation (60% of heat loss)
2. Conduction (15% of heat loss)
3. Convection
4. Evaporation (22% of heat loss)
6. Breathing

Front 4

What is the transfer of heat in the form of infrared heat rays?

Back 4

Radiation

Front 5

What is the transfer of heat to objects in direct contact with the body called?

Back 5

Conduction

Front 6

Heat is carried away by air currents, removing the warmed air and replacing it with cooler. What is this called?

Back 6

Convection

Front 7

Heat loss from the body when moisture vaporizes on the body's surface is called?

Back 7

Evaporation

Front 8

Freezing of the water between and within body cells, resulting in ice crystal formation is called?

Back 8

Frostbite or frostnip

Front 9

Core body temperature lower than 95º F (35º C) is called?

Back 9

Hypothermia

Front 10

What is the involuntary contraction of small groups of muscles, which can generate great amounts of heat called?

Back 10

Shivering

Front 11

Amnesia and slurred speech may appear as signs that the central nervous system is affected by a low core body temperature at what temperature?

Back 11

92º F

Front 12

Shivering is a sign of mild hypothermia and can start and stop at what temperature levels?

Back 12

Starts at 95º and stops at 87.8º

Front 13

Stage of hypothermia noted by cool, flushed or pale skin; shivering; difficulty in speech and movement; and amnesia.

Back 13

Mild Hypothermia (89.6º - 95º F)

Front 14

Stage of hypothermia noted by stupor, shivering replaced with muscular rigidity and loss of voluntary motion; cardiac output drops, pulse and respirations become depressed, pupils dilate, skin may be pale or cyanotic, irregular pulse due to abnormalities in the heart's conduction system, ventricular fibrillation may develop.

Back 14

Moderate Hypothermia (80.6º - 89.6ºF)

Front 15

Stage of hypothermia noted by decrease of cerebral blood flow, one third of normal; patient is unresponsive to pain. Cardiac output is greatly depressed, and significant hypotension is noted. Cardiac arrest is likely.

Back 15

Severe Hypothermia (less than 80.6ºF)