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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Absence Seizures
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Also known as Petit mal, usually begin in childhood, no aura is present, is a brief loss of consciousness |
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Drugs that treat Absence Seizures
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1. Ethosuximide (Zerotin) 2. Valporic acid (Valprose) |
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Tonic-Clonic Seizures
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Also known as Grand mal, has longer period of unconsciousness, tonic rigidity
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Drugs that treat Tonic-Clonic Seizures
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1. Valproate 2. Lamotrigine 3. Levetiracetam |
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Drugs that treat Status Epilepticus (lasts longer than 30 minutes)
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1. Valium 2. Phenytoin 3. Phenobarbital |
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Drugs that treat Partial (Focal) Epilepsies
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1. Carbamazepine 2. Levetiracetam 3. Oxcarbazepine 4. Lamotrigine |
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Valproates
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These are not related to other anticonvulsants. Depakene & Depakote. Bleeding time may be prolonged. |
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Adverse Reactions of Valproates
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nausea, vomiting, sedations, drowsiness, hepatotoxicity, bleeding, teratogenicity. Interacts with the drugs Phenytoin & Phenobarbital |
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Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
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They are sodiym channel blocking antiepileptic drugs. Treats partial seizures, tonic-clonic seizures, & Lennox-Gestaut syndrome. They are also used for bipolar disorders
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Adverse Reactions of Lamotrigine
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headache, nausea, vomiting, insomnia, ataxia, rash. Interacts with Carbazepine & Valproate
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Levetiracetam (Keppra)
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They inhibit presynaptic calcium channels. Treat partial-onset seizures, tonic-clonic seizures, Lennox-Gestuat syndrome.
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Adverse Reactions of Levetiracetam
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dizziness, aggression, irritability, Steven-Johnson syndrome. have no real drug interactions.
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Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal)
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Chemically similar to Carbamazepine. Treats partial seizures. Half-life is 8-10 hours. Interacts with Phenobarbital & Phenytoin
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Carbamazepine (Tergretol)
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anticonvulsant, anticholinergic, antidepressant, sedative, muscle-relaxer
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Adverse Reactions of Carbamazepine
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dizziness, vertigo, nausea, BP changes, rashes, alopecia, aplastic anemia
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Drug Interactions of Carbamazepine
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1. INCREASES erythromycin, INH, & CCBs 2. DECREASES doxycycline, BCPs, warfarin, and theophylline |
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Phenobarbital
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Most common barbiturate used in the tx of epilepsy. Treats tonic-clonic and partial seizures. Common side effect is sedation
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Phenytoin (Dilantin)
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Treats tonic-clonic & partial seizures & trigeminal neuralgia.
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Adverse Reactions of Phenytoin
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GI irritation, gingival hyperplasia, hirusutism, ataxia
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Ethosuximide (Zarontin)
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Drug of choice for absence seizures
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Benzodiazepines that are used orally |
1. Clonazepam (Klonopin): popular 2. Clorazepate (Tranxene) |
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Benzodiazepines that are used parentrally
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1. Diazepam (Valium) 2. Lorazepam (Ativan) 3. Medazolam (Versed) |
