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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are Genes:
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Units of instruction for producing or influencing traits. |
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What are gene locus: |
Location of a gene or a chromosome |
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What is a gene pair? |
Two genes at homologus loci on homologus chromosomes (Homologues) |
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What is an Allele? |
Different form of a gene at a given location (locus)
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What's a good example of an Allele? |
Eye colour. |
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If alleles are of the same form they are considered? |
Homozygous. ex BB or bb |
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If alleles are of different forms they are considered? |
Heterozygous. ex: Bb |
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What is a Dominate Allele? |
The allele that is expressed in the heterozygous condition (B in Bb). Represented by an upper case letter. |
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What is a Recessive Allele? |
The allele that is not expressed in the heterozygous condition (b in Bb). Represented by a lower case letter. |
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What is homozygous Dominant? |
2 dominant allels for a given trait (BB) |
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What is Homozygous Recessive? |
2 recessive alleles for a given trait (bb) |
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what is Heterozygous (Bb) |
2 different forms of an allele for a given trait. (Bb). Heterozygote |
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What is a Genotype? |
The actual alleles present at a given gene locus. |
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What is a Phentype? |
The observable trait produced by t he genotype. |
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What is true breeding? |
Organism that (when selfed) produces offspring that are identical to parent. (Homozygous Dominant/recessive) |
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Monohybrid cross (single.factor cross) |
Cross between 2 individuals that breed true for contrasting forms of a single trait. |
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Mendl's Laws of Inheritance: historic study on what? What year did the study happen? |
pea plants. 1856 to 1864. His work was not appreciated until the 1900 after his death. |
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Mendelian Inheritance: What is it? |
Inheritance pattern of genes that segregate and assort independently |
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Mendl's Laws of Inheritance: What is simple dominance? |
Simple mendlian inheritance. One trait is completely dominant over the other. |
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Garden Pea, Pisum sativum: Advantages properties of studying this are...(3) |
readily available characters or traits. Normally self fertilizing. Ease of cross fertilization or hybridization. |
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Single factor cross is also known as? What does this mean? |
monohybrid cross. Experiment followed the variants of only one trait. |
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Conclusions of Pea stuff? (3) |
recessive trait is masked by dominant trait. Every individual has 2 genes for a characteristic. Each sperm or Egg carries only one Allele (trait) |
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Mendel's first Law: What is the law of Segregation? (2) |
Diploid organisms inherit 2 genes (alleles) for each trait. These genes are separated from each other during meiosis. |
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Genotypes can be represented by three different things. Abbreviations and scientific terms. |
TT : Homozygous Dominant. tt : homozygous recessive. Tt : Heterozygous. |
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Phenotypes are what? How many types can there be? |
Characteristics that are the result of gene expression. Example: tall or short. Only two types. |
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What goes on the sides of the punnett square? |
Male and Female gametes |
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How do you determine the ratio of Genotypes? |
TT : Tt : tt represents 1 : 2 : 1. Each genotype is represented in the ratio. This is usually a 3 part ratio. |
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How do you determine the ratio of Phenotypes? |
Using the above from genotypes TT and Tt will both be tall. tt will be short. So you've got 3 tall and one short. the ratio is 3 : 1. this will always be a 2 part ratio. |
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Testcross |
This is inferring data about the parents by examining the traits of the young. If a short is born from 2 talls then they both must have been Tt. Children are all TT then parents were TT |
