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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is a normal blood sugar level |
4-8 mmol/L |
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what is diabetes |
the body cannot produce insulin or cannot properly use the insulin produced |
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what hormone is not produced in Type 1 diebetes |
insulin |
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what is the purpose of insulin |
central to regulate carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body |
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why does the sugar in the blood increase |
insufficiency of insulin |
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what is the condition called when the blood sugars increase |
hyperglycemia |
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what are the signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia |
unusual thirst frequent urination hunger weight loss extreme fatigue or lack of energy blurred vision mood changes LOC changes |
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what is ketoacidosis |
refers to the metabolism of fat which results in the formation of ketone acids. this results in the lowering of the bodys pH. the person becomes very ill due to ketoacidosis |
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why might a patient with hyperglycemia become comatose |
not given proper fluid and insulin to reverse fat metabolism and restore glucose as a source of energy |
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why is the patient placed on insulin |
balances ketoacidosis gets sugars back in the cells |
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what situations cause hypoglucemia |
taking too much insulin at any time taking insulin and not eating taking insulin and being sick changing lifestyle without consulting your doctor having diabetes and other medical conditions such as a seizure disorder, hyperthyroidism and annorexia.. |
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what are the signs and symptoms of hypogylcemia |
altered LOC, including behavioural changes slurred speech shakiness or weakness diaphoresis tachycardia and tachypnea neurological deficits and seizires |
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what do we give a patient to elevate their blood sugar level |
insta glucose - 25 grams |
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what are your instructions before you give insta glucose |
monitor LOC and ABCS oxygen position for comfort ask for previous medical history check vitals(blood sugar) if conscious 25 grams of insta-glucose |
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what happens to the blood sugar level when a patient has a seizure
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burned up quickly |
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is it possible for a patient to be diabetic and have a seizure independent of their diabetes |
yes
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what would a seizure do to the patients blood sugar level. is it life threatening |
it drops yes |
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diabetic coma is a consequence of what |
hypergylcemia |
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diabetic seizures are a result of what |
hypoglycemia |
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what is a seizure |
it is a condition that results in chaotic electrical discharges in the brain for whatever reason |
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what causes seizure disorders |
epilepsy head injury stroke fever hypoglycemia infection poisons drugs and/or alcohol hypoxia complications of pregnacy |
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what is a generalized seizure |
a seizure that involves a large part of the brain |
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what is a seizure call that does not stop |
status epilepticus |
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what are the stages of generalized seizure |
aura - before the seizure starts, the person may experience a sensation tonic - short phase loses consciousness. muscles tense or contract clonic - muscles alternate between contraction and relaxation post-ictal - after the seixure follows a period of recovery; person is initally disoriented. offer reassurance and comfort |
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what would a seizure do to a person's blood sugar level |
decrease |
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what is your care for a generalized seizure |
do not restrain the person protect the person from injury remove nearby objects pad objects you cannot move place padding under the head do not force anything in the mouth position patient in a position where fluids drain from the mouth |
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what would you do if the patient vomited while having a seizure |
position them so the vomits drain out of the mouth |
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what is the difference between a simple partial seizure and a complex seizure |
simple - remains conscious, retains memory and is aware complex - memory, awareness or conscious is affected |
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when should the patient who is having a seizure receive advanced medical care |
pregnancy child/baby first seizure unknown reason |
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why does a person faint |
when blood flow to the brain is interrupted |
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what type of shock is fainting |
syncope |
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what care would you give a person who fainted |
consider spinal motion restriction monitor LOC and ABCs oxygen supine position transport |
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what does acute abdomen mean |
the sudden onset of pain, severe, progressive problems |
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what are signs and symptoms of acute abdomen
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severe pain pain that raidates to the shoulders or back rigid and tender abdomen abdominal cramping nausea and vomiting external bleeding blood in the urine pale, moist skin weakness thirst organs possibly protruding from the abdomen |
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what are the signs and symptoms of abdominal pain |
abdominal pain cramps that occur in waves distension rigid, tense or distended abdomen tenderness loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting vomiting blood blood in the stool anxiety or reluctance to move guarding position signs of shock |
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what is peritonitis |
it is an inflammation of the peritoneum - the membrane that lines the abdominal organs |
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what causes peritonitis |
infection of abdominal trauma |
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what is a positive assessment finding of peritonitis |
rebound tenderness |
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what is appenditictis |
inflammation of the appendix |
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what are the signs and symptoms of appendicitis |
abdominal pain or cramping nausea, vomiting constipation diarrhea low-grade fever abdominal swelling |
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where is the pain of appendictis located |
right lower quadrant |
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what complications can arise fro appendicitis |
gangrenous and rupture causing inflammation of the pertoneum |
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why might appendicitis lead to perionitis |
rupture and causing inflammation |
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what is your treatment for appendicitis |
monitor LOC and ABCs oxygen shock nothing by mouth |
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what is bowel obstruction |
may also lead to peritionitis if the bowel perforates |
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what is gastroenteritis |
inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract |
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why do kidney stones develop |
formed in the kidneys from dietary minerals in the urine |
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why are kidney stones painful |
obstruct the ureter or renal pelvis |
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what term is used to describe kidney pain |
excruciating intermittent pain |
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what are the signs and symptoms of a kidney stone |
urinary urgency restlessness hematuria swaeting neausea vomiting |
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what is peptic ulcer and what causes it |
erosion of the lining of the stomach |
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why would you not administer aspirin for a peptic ulcer |
ulcer worsens |
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what are the signs and symptoms of peptic ulcer |
abdominal pain loss of appetite and weight loss bloating and abdominal fullness nausea, and copious vomiting hematemeises (vomiting of blood) melena (tarry, foul-smelling feces) |
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how would you know if a patient has a peptic ulcer or a duodenal ulcer |
depending on last oral input |
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what is a duodenal ulcer |
happens about 3 hours after a mean |
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what is a urinary tract infection (UTI) and what causes it |
an infection that affects the urinary tract |
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what are the signs and symptoms of a UTI |
painful urination
frequent urination urinary urgency fever and flank pain rank smelling and cloudy urine |
