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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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_______ and _______ were the ancient authorities for science.
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Aristotle and Galen
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Who proposed the idea of a geocentric universe?
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Ptolemy
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What is the definition of a geocentric universe?
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Humans at the center, Earth is at the center and doesn't move, everything else moves around it
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Who proposed the idea of a heliocentric universe?
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Copernicus
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What is the definition of a heliocentric universe?
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The sun is the center of the universe, planets revolve around it
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What religious group was the first to react to Copernicus's ideas?
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The protestants, Luther condemned Copernicus
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What did Brahe do?
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Observed stars and planets
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Who was Brahe's assistant?
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Kepler
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What is the Music of the Spheres? Who thought of it?
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harmony of human soul shown in relationships between planets; Kepler
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What were Kepler's three planetary laws?
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1) Planets move around sun in ellipticals 2) Speed of planet greater when closer to sun 3) Planets with larger orbits revolve with slower velocity
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What is the Kepler memory technique?
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Kepler was our helper, because he discovered a bit, like how the planets orbit
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Why was Galileo a greater threat to the Catholic church?
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He had a telescope, proof of new findings
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What was the tool that Galileo used to make discoveries?
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A telescope
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Galileo published his findings so _______ could understand.
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everyone
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What did the Roman Inquisition and the Catholic church tell Galileo to do?
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to reject Copernican ideas since the Catholic church condemned Copernicanism
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Does Galileo recant his ideas? (Yes or No)
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Yes
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What does Galileo do when he is on house arrest after he goes to the Inquisition and recants a 2nd time?
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writes the laws of motion
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What are Galileo's laws of motion?
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Object will accelerate if force applied; inertia
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What type of math did Newton create?
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Calculus
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What are Newton's 3 laws of motion?
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1) object continues to move in same way or stay stationary unless deflected by a force 2)Change in motion is proportional to force 3) every action has an equal and opposite reaction
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What other major contribution did Newton make?
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The Universal Law of Gravity - every object in universe attracted to every other object with a force (gravity)
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What is the Newtonian World Machine?
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Universe is one large machine that follows natural laws
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Galen was a _____ ______.
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greek physician
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Did Galen dissect an animal body or human body?
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animal body
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Galen thought that the body had two different _____ _______.
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Blood types
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Galen believed in the 4 ____ _____.
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bodily humors
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Galen thought that disease was caused by an _______ of humors.
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imbalance
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Paracelsus followed a ______ philosophy.
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chemical
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Paracelsus thought that a human was a _______ is the larger world (_______)
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microcosm; macrocosm
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Did Paracelsus agree with Galen?
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No
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Paracelsus thought that disease was caused by chemical imbalances in _______.
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organs
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What did Paracelsus think was the best cure for a disease?
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The poison that caused the disease (like cures like)
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What title did Paracelsus earn from his "like cures like" principle?
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Homicide physician
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Andreas Vesalius dissected the _______ body.
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Human body
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How did Vesalius correct Galen?
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Said that blood vessels came from the heart and not the liver
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Did Vesalius believe in 2 kinds of blood like Galen?
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Yes
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William Harvey said that the _____ was the beginning flow of circulation of blood.
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heart
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Did Harvey say that different blood flowed through the body?
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No, said that same blood flowed through veins and arteries
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Women who wanted to learn about science had to get _____ educations and were excluded from ________.
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informal; universities
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What did Margaret Cavendish do?
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Participated in scientific debates
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What did Maria Merian do?
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Was an entomologist - studied insects/plants
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What did Maria Winkleman do?
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She was an astronomer and discovered a comet
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What were the querelles de femmes?
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Arguments about women
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Men thought that women were ______ to them.
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inferior
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Women thought that there was no need for male _______.
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authority
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What were some examples of women's natural inferiority to men?
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Smaller head and larger pelvic areas
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Rene Descartes said that he would only accept things that.....
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his reason said were true
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Descartes focused on the separation of ......
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mind and matter
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What is cartesian duality?
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separation of mind and matter (duality between mind and body)
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What is Descartes called?
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the father of modern rationalism
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What is Descartes famous quote?
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"I think, therefore I am."
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What scientific method did Bacon come up with?
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Inductive reasoning - from tests/experiments you get ideas
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What scientific method did Descartes come up with?
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Deductive reasoning - have ideas and test to see if they are right
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What scientific method did Newton come up with?
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A combination of the methods of Bacon and Descartes - experiments-ideas-more experiments to see if right
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There was a split between ______ and ______.
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Science and religion.
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What cosmology did the church support?
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Ptolemaic-Aristotelian cosmology
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What major idea did Spinoza come up with?
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pantheism (monism) - God was the universe (all is in God, nothing can be apart from God)
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What idea did Spinoza reject?
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Descartes idea of the separation of mind and matter
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Did Spinoza think that religion and science were separate?
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No
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What did Pascal try to show?
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That Christianity was not contrary to reason
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What were two famous scientific societies?
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The English Royal Society and The French Royal Academy of Sciences
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Who were the main people affected by the Scientific Revolution?
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The elite of Europe
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Rulers liked science for the _______.
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benefits
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At first, was the Scientific Revolution's affect on society small or large?
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small
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