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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
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1) Cornelius Vanderbilt
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> may 27, 1794 - January 4, 1877
. was also known a s the sobriquet commodore was an american entrepreneur. . built his wealth in shipping and railroads and was the patriarch of the Vanderbilt family and one of the richest Americans in history. |
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2. New York Central Railroad
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> was a railroad operating in the northeast including extensive track age in the states of new york, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Indianan, Illinois and Massachusetts.
> the railroad primarily connected greater new york and boston in the east of Chicago and st. Louis in the Midwest along the intermediate cities of Albany. |
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3. Federal land Grants 1865-1900
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> a
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4. Transcontinental Railroad
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> a contiguous network of railroad trackage that crosses a continental with terminals at different oceans or borders. such networks can via the tracks of either a single railroad or over those owned or controlled bu multiple railroad companies along a continuous route.
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5. Jay Gould
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> may 27, 27, 1836- december 2, 1892
> was a leading american railroad developer and speculator. > he was a long been a vilified as an archetypal robber baron, whose successes made him the ninth richest american in history but was the eight worst american CEO of all time. |
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6. Panic of 1893
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> was a serious economic depression in theunited states that bagn that year.
> similar to the panic of 1873 this oanic was marked by the collapse of railroad overbuilding and shaky railroad financing which set off a series of banking failures. . until the great depression the this was considered to be the worst depression the united states had ever experienced. |
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7. J.P. Morgan
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> April 17, 1837 - march 31, 1913
> was American financier banker and art collector who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation during his time. |
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8. Bessemer Process
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. was the first inexperience industrial process for the mass- production of steel from molten pig iron.
> the inventor Henry Bessemer, who took out a patent on the process in 1855. > the process was independently discovered in 1851. |
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9. Andrew Carnegie
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> a Scottish- american industrialist businessman , entrepreneur and major philanthropist.
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10. Vertical Integration
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> a fashion retailer and manufacturer that actually advertises itself as a vertically integrated industrial company
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U.S. Steel
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> is an integrated steel producer with major production operations in the united states, Canada, and central Europe, the company is the world's tenth largest steel producer ranked by slaes.
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John D. Rockefeller
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> an american oil magnate.
> Rockefeller revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy. . he founded the standard oil company and aggressively ran it until he officially retired in 1897. |
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Standard Oil Trust
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> was a predominant american integrated oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company,
>established in 1870 was a corporation in Ohio. |
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Horizontal Integration
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> Horizontal integration in marketing is much more common than vertical integration is in production
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Anti Trust Movement
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> is the body of laws that prohibits anti- competitive behavior and unfair business practices.
> anti- trust laws are intended to encourage competition in the marketplace,. |
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Sherman Antitrust Act 1890
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>1st measure by the US congress to prohibit trusts; named for senator sherman. authorized the federal government to institute proceedings against trusts in order to dissolve them.
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United States v. E.C. Knight
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>case that limited the governments power to control monopolies.
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Laissez – Faire Capitalism
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> describes an envirnment in which transactions between private parties are free from state intervention, including restrictive regulations, taxes. tariffs and enforced monopolies
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Adam Smith
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> a scottish philosopher and key figure of he scottish enlghtenment. . the author of "the theory of moral sentiments", and "an inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations"
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Gospel of Wealth
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.>AKA "the richest man in the world", an essay written by andrew carnegie that described the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class of self-made rich. thesis was the peril ofof allowing large sums of money to be passed into the hands of organizations ill-equpiied mentally or emotionally to cope with them
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21. Transatlantic Cable
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>the 1st cable used for telegraph communications that were laid across the floor fo the atlantic ocean
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22. Alexander Graham Bell
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> invented the telephone , optical telecommunications, hydrofoils, and aeronautics
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23. Sear Roebuck
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>chain of department stores founded by richard warren sears and alvah cutis roebuck
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24. Horatio Alger
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>author famous for writing formulaic junevile novels about impoverished boys and their rise from humble backrounds to lives of respectable middle-class security and comfort through hard work
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25. Railroad Strike of 1877
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began july 14 in martinsburg, west virginia.after panic of 1873, antagonism formed between workers and leaders. 10% wage cuts, distrust of capitalism and poor working conditions were some of the causes for the strike
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26. National Labor union
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1st national labor federation in the united states that was founded in 1866 and dissolved in 1873. paved the way for other organizations such as knights of Labor and AF of L (american federation of Labor) led by william H Sylvis. followed unsuccessful efforst of labor activism
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27. Knights of Labor
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largest and one of te most important american labor orgaqnizations of the 1880's most important leader was terence powderly. promoted the social and cultural uplift of the workingman, rejected social and radicalism. demanded 8 hour day
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28. Terence V. Powderly
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head of knights of labor from 1879 to 1893 who gathered 600,000 mebers at its peak but was unable to keep them organized which resulted in little power.
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29. Haymarket Bombing
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a demonstration of unrest that took place in chicago. began as rally in support of striking workers. but an unkown person threw dynamite at police which resulted in gunfire. 8 officers were killed and an unknown amount of cvilians. 8 anarchists were tried fro murder, 4 executed, 1 commited suicude
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30. American Federation of Labor
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one of 1st federations of labor unions in the united states founded in 1866 by an alliance of craft unions disaffected from the knights of labor. lead by Samuel Gompers
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1. Samuel Gompers
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key firgure in american labor history and founded the american federation of labor. was its leader from 1866 to 1894. promoted harmony among the different craft unions
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2. Homestead Strike 1894
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industrial lockout and strike that began on june 30 1892. cuminating in a battle between striker and private security agents . one of the most serious disputes in US labor history . occured at the homestead steel works in pittsburgh
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3. Eugene V. Debs
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one of the founding members of the international labor of union and the ndustrial workers of the world and several times the candidate of the socialist party of america for president fo the united states
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