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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The process of cell to cell communication, conversation
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Signal Transduction
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"Reading a signal and then relying the message"
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Signal Tranduction
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"the signaling cell produces a particular type of signal molecule that is detected by the target cell"
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typical "Signal Tranduction" communication between cells
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Animal cells both _____ and ____ signals in which they can act as both signaling cells and target cells.
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Send, Receive
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What type of proteins do target cells possess which help to recognize and respond specifically to the signal molecule
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Receptor Proteins
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When does signal transduction occur on the target cell?
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Signal tranduction begins when the receptor protein on a target cell receives an incoming extracellular signal and converts it to the intracellular signals that alter cell behavior
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What kind of molecule can be specified as a signal molecule?
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Proteins, peptides, amino acids, nucleotides, steroids, fatty acid derivatives, or even dissolved gases.
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Signal molecules that are broadcasted throughout the whole body by secreting it into the blood?
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Hormones
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The cells that produce hormones in animals.
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Endocrine Cells
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Signal molecules that diffuse locally through the extracellular fluid, remaining in the neighborhood of the cell that secretes them
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Paracrine Signaling
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Signal molecules that diffuse locally through the extracellular fluid act as ________ ________ on nearby cells.
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Local Mediators
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Give two examples of paracrine signaling.
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1. Regulating inflammation at the site of an infection 2. Controling cell proliferation in a healing wound function
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A form of paracrine communication
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Autocrine Signaling
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Give an example of cell that involves autocrine signaling
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Cancer cells
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A form of cell communication in which a message is delivered quickly and specifically to individual target cells along "private lines"
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Neuronal Signaling
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Special junctions in which an axon of a neuron terminates
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Synapses
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Signal mediated cell communication in which the cells make direct physical contact through signal molecules lodged in the plasma membrance of the signaling cell and receptor proteins embedded in the plasma membrane of the target cell
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Contact-Dependent Signaling
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Name that type of cell signaling:
Long-distance but personal - would be similar to a phone call or an email |
Neuronal Signals
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Name that type of cell signaling:
Would be like a good old-fashioned face to face conversation |
Contact-Dependent Signaling
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Name that type of cell signaling:
Would be equivalent to posting a flyer on selected notice boards |
Localized Paracrine Signaling
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Name that type of cell signaling:
Would be akin to broadcasting the information over a radio station |
Endocrine Signaling
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Name that type of cell signaling:
You might write a note to remind yourself to attend a meeting |
Autocrine Signaling
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T/F A receptor can be activated by many types of signal molecules.
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False: Each receptor is usually activated by only one type of signal. Without the appropriate receptor, a cell will be deaf to the signal and will not respond to it.
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T/F In the absence of any signal, most animal cells are programmed to kill themselves
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True
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