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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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artificial selection
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breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits
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natural selection
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a mechanism for change in populations
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mimicry
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a structural adaptation that enables one species to resemble another species
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camouflage
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an adaptation that enables species to blend with their surroundings
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homologous structures
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structural features with a common evolutionary origin
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analogous structures
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structural features with a common evolutionary origin but are similar in function
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vestigial structure
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a body structure in a present day organism that no longer serves its original purpose, but was probably useful to an ancestor
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embryo
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the earliest stage or growth and development of both plants and animals
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gene pool
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alleles of the populations genes as being together in a large pool
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genetic equilibrium
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frequency of alleles remains the same over generations
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genetic drift
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the alteration of allelic frequences by chance events
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stabilizing selection
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natural selection that favors average individuals in a population
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directional selection
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occurs when a natural selection favors one of the extreme variations of a trait
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disruptive selection
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individuals with either extreme of traits variation are selected for
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speciation
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the evolution of a new species that occurs when members of similar populations no longer interbreed to produce fertile offspring within their natural environment
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geographic isolation
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occurs whenever a physical barrier divides a population
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reproduction isolation
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occurs when formerly interbreeding organisms can no longer mate and produce fertile offspring
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polyploid
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any individual or species with a multiple of the normal set of chromosomes
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gradualism
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the idea that species originate through a gradual change of adaptations
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punctuated equilibrium
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(1972; Niles Eldredge and Stephen J. hypothesis) argues that speciation occurs relatively quickly in rapid bursts with long periods of genetic equilibrium in between
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adaptive radiation
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when a ancestral species evolves into an array of species to fit a number of diverse habitats
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divergent evolution
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the pattern of evolution in which species that once were similar to an ancestral species diverge, or become increasingly distinct
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convergent evolution
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pattern of evolution in which distantly related organisms evolve similar traits
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