Chapter 15 Vocab

Front 1

Bars

Back 1

V shaped depression on the distal surface of hoof

Front 2

Frog

Back 2

V shaped pad of soft horn between the bars on the sole of the hoof

Front 3

Heel bulb

Back 3

swollen part of the hoof wall and adjacent soft tissue at back of hoof

Front 4

Hoof

Back 4

Hard horny covering of the digit of ungulates (hooved animals)

Front 5

Hoof wall

Back 5

hard horny covering of hoof

Front 6

Lamina

Back 6

Sensitive tissue that attaches the hoof wall to the underlying foot structures

Front 7

quarter

Back 7

medial and lateral aspects of hoof

Front 8

sole

Back 8

palmar and plantar surfaces of the hoof

Front 9

toe

Back 9

cranial aspect of hoof

Front 10

white line

Back 10

fusion between wall and sole of the hoof

Front 11

barrel

Back 11

trunk of the horse; det by chest capacity

Front 12

cheek

Back 12

fleshy portion on either side of face forming sides of mouth and continuing rostrally to the lips

Front 13

chest

Back 13

part of the body betw neck and abdomen (thorax)

Front 14

chestnuts

Back 14

flattened oval masses or horny tissue on medial surface near knee and hock

Front 15

corners

Back 15

common name of third incisors

Front 16

coronary band

Back 16

junction betw skin and horny tissue of hoof

Front 17

crest

Back 17

root of the mane

Front 18

croup

Back 18

muscular area around and above the base of the tail

Front 19

cutters

Back 19

common name of second incisors

Front 20

dock

Back 20

solid portion of tail

Front 21

ergot

Back 21

small mass of horny tissue in a small bunch of hair on palmar and plantar aspects of fetlock

Front 22

forelock

Back 22

cranial aspect of mane hanging between ears onto forehead

Front 23

gaskin

Back 23

muscular portion of hindleg betw hock and stifle

Front 24

heart girth

Back 24

greatest circumfrence of chest behind withers, shoulders and elbows

Front 25

loin

Back 25

lumbar region of back betw thorax and pelvis

Front 26

mane

Back 26

region of long, coarse hair at dorsal border of the neck and terminating at the poll

Front 27

muzzle

Back 27

skin, muscles and fascia of upper and lower lip and incl nasal bones

Front 28

nippers

Back 28

common name of central incisors

Front 29

paralumbar fossa

Back 29

hollow of the flank betw transverse process of lumbar vertebrae, last rib and thigh muscles

Front 30

poll

Back 30

top of head (occiput)

Front 31

tail head

Back 31

base of the tail connects to trunk of body

Front 32

teat

Back 32

nipple of mammary gland

Front 33

udder

Back 33

mammary gland

Front 34

withers

Back 34

region of backline where neck meets thorax and dorsal margins of scapula lie just below the skin

Front 35

wolf teeth

Back 35

first upper premolars usually shed when horse matures

Front 36

beat

Back 36

time when foot touches the ground

Front 37

canter

Back 37

galloping at an easy pace. three beat thythm in which 2 diagonal legs are paired

Front 38

gallop

Back 38

fastest gait of the horse in which all four limbs are off the ground at one point, 4 beat rhythm known as a run

Front 39

jog

Back 39

slow trot

Front 40

lame

Back 40

unable to walk, deviation from normal gait

Front 41

pace

Back 41

fast, 2 beat rhythm similar to a trot except front and rear limbs on each side move in unison

Front 42

stride

Back 42

single coordinated mvmt of all four legs until they return to normal position

Front 43

trot

Back 43

2 beat rhythm gait in which diagonal limbs take off at the same time

Front 44

walk

Back 44

slow four beat rhythm in which all four limbs take off at seperate times

Front 45

draft horses

Back 45

breeds w large muscular and bone struct. work horses 18 hands or greater. clydesdale, belgian

Front 46

gaited horses

Back 46

breeds w smooth easy gait for transportation and show 14-16 hands tennesee walker, american saddlebred

Front 47

horses of color

Back 47

breed w uniquely spotted patterns. 14-16 hands some may be class as light horses. pinto, apaloosa

Front 48

light horses

Back 48

breeds 14-16 hands transportation and show. arabian, thoroughbred

Front 49

ponies

Back 49

breeds less than 14 hands. recreation and show. shetland, welsh pony

Front 50

bald

Back 50

white face, face with blaze and snip that extends beyond eyes and nostrils

Front 51

blaze

Back 51

white strip on face

Front 52

chin spot

Back 52

white spot on chin

Front 53

snip

Back 53

white marking on muzzle

Front 54

spot

Back 54

white mark on face

Front 55

star

Back 55

white mark betw eyes, usually diamond shape

Front 56

stripe

Back 56

long narrow white mark down the nose, also a strip or race

Front 57

ankle

Back 57

white marking from feltlock down to coronet, also sock

Front 58

coronet

Back 58

white marking covering coronary band

Front 59

heel

Back 59

white marking on heel

Front 60

pastern

Back 60

white marking from pastern to coronet

Front 61

stocking

Back 61

white marking from coronet to knee

Front 62

bit

Back 62

metal portion of bride in horse's mouth to control it

Front 63

bridle

Back 63

headgear made up of a bit, reins and straps to control horse

Front 64

cradle

Back 64

barred restraining device on horse that prevents it from biting an injured area

Front 65

halter

Back 65

head restraint for a horse used to guide and tie a horse

Front 66

hobble

Back 66

leather straps fastened around the front and hind feet of horse to restrain it from moving

Front 67

hoof pick

Back 67

instrument to remove debris from crevice of hoof

Front 68

hoof tester

Back 68

instrument shaped like a pair of pincers used to test the sensitivity of the hoof

Front 69

rasp

Back 69

instrument used for fine trimming the hoof

Front 70

shoe

Back 70

steel or aluminum plate nailed to plantar and palmar aspects of hoof for protection

Front 71

tack

Back 71

equipment used for riding and care of the horse, aka tackle

Front 72

bolt

Back 72

startle

Front 73

box stall

Back 73

enclosed area where horse can stay and move around

Front 74

cast

Back 74

horse that lies down and is unable to rise into sternal recumbancy

Front 75

casting

Back 75

method of restraint in horses to pull them down for surgical proced.

Front 76

cribbing

Back 76

habit in which horse grans and object w its incisors and applies pressure as it swallows air. aka windsucking. can be acquired or a neurosis. causes teeth to erode and cause severe weight loss w abdominal distension

Front 77

cross tie

Back 77

restraint method in which horse is tied to two pillars on each side. used for grooming

Front 78

farrier

Back 78

person skilled in making fitting and remodeling horsehoes

Front 79

firing

Back 79

method used on lower limbs to encourage healing of tendons or ligaments in lame horses. red hot iron on anesthetized area to promote healing and rest. superficial or deep

Front 80

flighty

Back 80

nervous

Front 81

floating

Back 81

filing of teeth using a dental float (rasping)

Front 82

grade

Back 82

animal that result from mating of purebred and crossbred animals

Front 83

lather

Back 83

sweat that develops on horse;s body

Front 84

lunging

Back 84

exercising a horse by having it circle at end of a long lead

Front 85

near side

Back 85

left side of horse

Front 86

off side

Back 86

right side of horse

Front 87

paddock

Back 87

small fenced in field or enclosure (corral)

Front 88

pasture

Back 88

land area for animals to graze where grass grows

Front 89

pasture breeding

Back 89

males placed in pasture with females for natural mating

Front 90

pasture rotation

Back 90

mvmt of animals from pasture to pasture to decrease incidence of parisites

Front 91

quick release knot

Back 91

knot that unties easily

Front 92

saddle

Back 92

tack placed on back of horse for riding; western or english

Front 93

tease

Back 93

parading a male in front of a female to determine if she is in heat

Front 94

teaser

Back 94

male used to sexually tease a female to determine if she is in heat

Front 95

twitch

Back 95

restraint method in which a device is used to twist the upper lip of a horse

Front 96

waxing

Back 96

waxy covering derived from colostrum that accumulates on the teats and signals foaling

Front 97

colt

Back 97

intact male horse 4 yrs old or younger

Front 98

filly

Back 98

intact female horse 4 yrs old or younger

Front 99

foal

Back 99

young horse less than 1 yr

Front 100

foaling

Back 100

giving birth

Front 101

gelding

Back 101

castrated male horse

Front 102

herd

Back 102

group of horses

Front 103

mare

Back 103

intact female horse 4 yrs or older

Front 104

ridgeling

Back 104

cryptorchid male horse

Front 105

stallion

Back 105

intact male horse 4 yrs or older

Front 106

weanling

Back 106

foal who has been weaned and is less than 1 yr

Front 107

yearling

Back 107

young horse between 1 and 2 yrs

Front 108

jack

Back 108

intact male donkey; jack ass

Front 109

jenny

Back 109

intact female donkey

Front 110

bishoping

Back 110

altering of teeth to make horse appear younger

Front 111

bog spavin

Back 111

chronic synovitis of tibiotarsal joint causing distention of joint capsule, spavin means inflammation

Front 112

bone spavin

Back 112

periosteitis of bones of the hock

Front 113

bowed tendons

Back 113

chronic tendinitis of superficial flexor tendons causing enlargement of tendons and lameness

Front 114

capped hock

Back 114

accumulation of fluid in bursa near hock

Front 115

check ligament

Back 115

one of two ligaments to the digital flexors that help maintain limbs in an extended position when standing. aka suspensory ligaments they help suspend sesamoid bones behind fetlock

Front 116

clostridium tetani

Back 116

bacteria that causes tetanus char by heresthesia, convulsions and eventually death aka lockjaw

Front 117

cracks

Back 117

aka sandcracks. defects form in hoof at the coronet due to injury or extension of sole

Front 118

curb

Back 118

thickening of plantar tarsal ligament in hock

Front 119

dental star

Back 119

mark on the occlusal surface of the incisors that develops at the tooth wears, begin as yellow lines and develop into dark circles

Front 120

Equine ehrichiosis

Back 120

infectious dz caused by the genus Ehrlichia; causes fever, ataxia, anorexia, and edema of extremeties aka Potomac horse fever

Front 121

Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA)

Back 121

Anemia caused by retrovirus leading to jaundice, petechiae, weakness and emaciation

Front 122

Equine Influenza (EI)

Back 122

Upper resp infection caused by an influenza A virus. symptoms include mild fever and persistent cough

Front 123

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM)

Back 123

Condition caused by the parasite Sarcocystis neurona manifested by ataxia, weakness, recumbency and eventually death

Front 124

Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA)

Back 124

Virus caused by genus Pestivirus. symptoms include upper resp infection and lesions on the arteries

Front 125

Equine viral encephalomyelitis

Back 125

Encephalomyelitis caused by the genus Alphavirus and transmitted by mosquitos. symptoms include excitement, tremors, circling, paralysis and recumbancy. 3 strains Eastern (EEE) Venezuelan (VEE) and Western (WEE).

Front 126

Equine viral rhinopneumonitis (EVR)

Back 126

Virus caused by the Herpesvirus 4 leading to abortions, coughing, fever and nasal discharge

Front 127

Fistulous withers

Back 127

inflammation of the withers causing a discharge at the withers

Front 128

flehmen's response

Back 128

reaction in males after sniffing the urine or perineum of females. the nostrils dilate and upper lip curls

Front 129

flexor tendon

Back 129

tendon that causes the fetlock to flex

Front 130

foal heat

Back 130

first heat cycle of a foal

Front 131

full-mouthed

Back 131

horse with all permanent teeth present

Front 132

Galvayne's groove

Back 132

vertical groove on the labial surface of a horse's tooth used to determine its age`

Front 133

Greasy heel

Back 133

dermatitis of the back of the pastern commonly seen in horses in wet standing areas aka scratches

Front 134

guttural pouch

Back 134

large air filled sac that develops in Eustachian tubes of horses

Front 135

hindgut

Back 135

small intestine, cecum and large intestine collectively

Front 136

laminitis

Back 136

inflammation of the lamina causing lameness; aka founder

Front 137

monkey mouth

Back 137

condition in which the mandible is longer than the maxilla

Front 138

osselets

Back 138

periosteitis of the cranial aspect of fetlock joint

Front 139

parrot mouth

Back 139

condition in which maxilla is longer than the mandible

Front 140

quidding

Back 140

condition in which horse drops food from its mouth during mastication. commonly bc of stomatitis and bad teeth. horses w this are called quiddors

Front 141

quittor

Back 141

chronic inflammation of the lateral cartilage of P3 causing a purulent discharge at coronet and lameness

Front 142

ringbone

Back 142

osteoarthritis or periosteitis of P1 and P2 creating a bony prominence at pastern or coffin joint

Front 143

smooth mouth

Back 143

condition in which the molars are worn so that the dentin and enamel are even

Front 144

splints

Back 144

inflammation of the interosseous ligament betw splint and cannon bones

Front 145

stay apparatus

Back 145

anatomical mechanism in the limbs that enables the horse to stand w little or no muscular effort. involves participation of many tendons, muscles and ligaments

Front 146

steptococcus equi

Back 146

bacterial infection causing high fever, purulent nasal discharge, anorexia, phayngitis, laryngitis, and swollen lymph nodes. dz commonly called strangles

Front 147

sweeney

Back 147

paralysis of the scapular muscles

Front 148

thoroughpin

Back 148

tenosynovitis of the sheath of the deep flexor tendon of the hindleg. though it causes swelling there is no lameness

Front 149

vesicular stomatitis

Back 149

inflammation of the mouth characterized by ulcers that rupture and become necrotic

Front 150

West Nile virus

Back 150

mosquito transmitted virus causing ataxia, head tilt, seizures, paralysis, and eventually death

Front 151

Winking

Back 151

quick, uncontrolled opening of the vulva when mare is in heat

Front 152

EEE

Back 152

eastern equine encephalitis

Front 153

EI

Back 153

Equine Influenza

Front 154

EIA

Back 154

Equine Infectious Anemia

Front 155

EPM

Back 155

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis

Front 156

EVA

Back 156

Equine viral arteritis

Front 157

EVR

Back 157

Equine viral rhinopneumonitis

Front 158

KBH

Back 158

kicked by horse

Front 159

LA

Back 159

large animal

Front 160

TEME/TME

Back 160

Transmissible gastroenteritis

Front 161

VEE

Back 161

Venezualan equine encephalitis

Front 162

VS

Back 162

Vesicular stomatitis

Front 163

WEE

Back 163

western equine encephalitis