Chapter 15 Therapy

Front 1

Psychological therapy (psychotherapy)

Back 1

used with psychological disorders that are believed to be learned (phobias), trained therapist uses psychological techniques to help someone to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth

Front 2

biomedical therapy

Back 2

usually used for disorders thought to have biological causes (schizophrenia), prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient's nervous system

Front 3

psychoanalysis

Back 3

assumes disorders develop because of conflicts early in life, unacceptable or frightening wish, wish surfaces later in disguised form, goal-bring repressed feelings into conscious awareness so patient can deal with them

Front 4

Free Association

Back 4

patient says whatever comes into her head in a completely candid, uncensored manner, thoughts may be childhood memories, dreams, recent experiences, analyst usually sits out of patient's view

Front 5

Resistance

Back 5

the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
omitting irrelevant things, making jokes, changing the subject

Front 6

Interpretation

Back 6

analyst notes resistances, dream meanings, or other significant behavior and events in order to promote insight, analyst suggests hidden meanings

Front 7

Transference

Back 7

patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships, gives patient a chance to work through that relationship

Front 8

Positive reactions

Back 8

patient "falls in love" with analyst atmosphere of trust develops

Front 9

Negative reactions

Back 9

when sensitive material is surfacing and therapy becomes challenging

Front 10

Psychodynamic therapy

Back 10

briefer than traditional psychoanalysis, shorter and less intensive, more focused, more interaction and warmth toward client

Front 11

Humanistic perspective

Back 11

emphasizes people's self-fulfillment, humanistic therapists help people grow in self awareness and self-acceptance
view job as promoting growth rather than curing illness

Front 12

Non-directive therapy

Back 12

therapist listens to client without judging or interpreting, therapist avoids leading client toward particular insights

Front 13

Carl Rogers

Back 13

most people already have the natural ability to heal themselves, therapist's job is to create an environment that enables the client to get in touch with the nature of the problem

Front 14

Attitudes that create a non-threatening atmosphere of acceptance

Back 14

Genuineness: therapist is open and "real," honestly expressing his or own thoughts
Empathy: the ability to see the world through the client's eyes
Acceptance (unconditional positive regard): the ability to express warmth and caring for the client even when the therapist doesn't approve of the client's behavior

Front 15

Active Listening

Back 15

therapist echoes what client says, restates it, asks for clarification and acknowledges the feelings that the client expresses, client's statements are not interpreted, but repeated in a slightly different or clearer form, encourages client to be more in touch with feelings and talk in more emotional/honest way

Front 16

Behavior Therapy

Back 16

most frequently used for disorders with observable symptoms (phobias, OCD, panic disorder, uses both classical and operant conditioning

Front 17

Exposure therapies

Back 17

expose people to what they would normally avoid, with repeated exposure, they can start to respond with less anxiety to those things that once frightened them

Front 18

Systematic Desensitization

Back 18

most widely used exposure, most often used to treat panic disorders and phobias, if you can repeatedly relax when facing the stimulus that provokes the anxiety, you can gradually eliminate the anxiety, progressive muscle relaxation, hierarchy of fears

Front 19

Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy

Back 19

used when the anxiety-arousing situation is too expensive, difficult, or embarrassing to recreate, client wears head mounted display that projects 3D world, head mounted display senses motion of head

Front 20

Aversive conditioning

Back 20

like aversive stimuli with behaviors targeted for elimination, uses classical conditioning, can eliminate undesirable behaviors, but relapses are common

Front 21

Operant conditioning

Back 21

behaviors followed by satisfying effects are more likely to occur again, use positive reinforcers to increase frequency of desired behavior, positive reinforcement and shping used to train clients to be more assertive, develop social skills, control weight

Front 22

Token economy

Back 22

often used in institutional settings, uses secondary reinforcers (tokens) that can be exchanged for primary reinforcers (food, free time)

Front 23

Cognitive therapies

Back 23

people's emotions and behavior determined by how they cognitiviely structure their experience, goal: give people insight into how their thinking influences their behavior, help people to eliminate problems by changing their thinking