Chapter 15: Social Psychology And Culture

Front 1

_________________ is the study of causes, types, and consequences of human interaction.

Back 1

Social Psychology

Front 2

_________________ is the belief that one's own country or culture is superior to all other countries and cultures.

Ex: Your group has more old people than ours.

Back 2

Ethnocentrism

Front 3

_______________ is defined as placing one's own goals above those of the group.

Ex: United States

Back 3

Individualism

Front 4

_______________ is defined as placing a groups goals above indivual goals.

Ex: Japan

Back 4

Collectivism

Front 5

_______________ are cognitive biases that refer to the systematic errors made when people evaluate or try to find reasons for their own and others' behaviors.

Back 5

Attributional Biases

Front 6

_____________________ is the tendency to attribute behaviors to internal causes.

Ex: You say hello to someone and they give a quick unfriendly hello back. You assume they are an jerk but someone in their family just died.

Back 6

Fundamental Attribution Error

Front 7

_______________ refers to a tendency to attribute one's own actions to external causes, while attributing other people's behaviors to internal causes. Essentially, people tend to make different attributions depending upon whether they are the actor or the observer in a situation.

Ex: Someone falling down the stairs from the actor side will say it was from heel getting caught and the perceiver will say the person was clumsy.

Back 7

Actor-Perceiver Bias

Front 8

______________ is people's tendency to attribute positive events to their own character but attribute negative events to external factors.

Ex: Getting an A, we attribute our success to preparation. Getting a D, we blame it on the teachers grading ability.

Back 8

Self-serving Bias

Front 9

The belief that bad things happen to bad people and good things happen to good people is called _______________.

Ex: Rape victims got what they deserved

Back 9

Just-World Belief

Front 10

Loving an activity; thinking it's great fun highlights the emotional component of attitude called ___________.

Ex: I love rollerblading

Back 10

Affect

Front 11

The knowledge we have about the object or the focus of attitude highlights the emotional component of attitude called ___________.

Ex: Understanding the health benefits of rollerblading

Back 11

Cognition

Front 12

The act of carrying out an act is a component of our attitude called ____________.

Ex: Strapping on rollerblades and going outside to blade.

Back 12

Behavior

Front 13

The three components of attitudes are: ___________, _____________, and _______________.

Back 13

Affect, Cognition, and Behavior

Front 14

Attitudes we have to protect us from threats to the self-ego is a function of attitudes called __________.

Ex: A bookwork who hears something threatening, he calls the person who said it something bad to avoid confronting the possibility it is true.

Back 14

Ego Defense

Front 15

Attitudes can maximize reinforcements and minimize punishments from the environment describes a functions of attitude called _____________.

Ex: Someone who is positively reinforced by his supervisors at his new job will say nice things about his supervisors to others.

Back 15

Adjustment

Front 16

Attitudes that can help bring order and meaning to one's world describes a function of attitude called _____________.

Ex: This helps a person who is trying to understand an apparent unjust situation like "Most football players have skills other people lack that's why they are paid so much money."

Back 16

Knowledge

Front 17

Milgram experiment tested participants _______________ by seeing how much shock they would issue to learners who missed questions.

Back 17

Obedience

Front 18

The three factors that influence people to be more obedient are ___________, ___________, and ____________.

Back 18

Victim Proximity, Authority Proximity, and Responsibility.

Front 19

The closer a victim is to the participant, the lower the percentage of participants who obey the command to harm the victim is a factor of obedience called ________________.

Back 19

Victim Proximity

Front 20

The closer a person commanding obedience, the more obedient participants are is a factor of obedience called _______________.

Back 20

Authority Proximity

Front 21

If the experimenter assumes __________________ for any harm that befalls the victim, as was the case in the Milgram studies, the higher the obedience level.

Back 21

Responsibility

Front 22

_______________ conducted influential studies and found that participants in the next-to-last person to answer would conform to the groups wrong answer 30% time. He found that it was important for the confederates (those in on experiment) be unanimously wrong or one person could significantly decrease rate of conformity.

Back 22

Solomon Asch

Front 23

The finding that groups make riskier decisions than individuals is called _______________.

Ex: Juries given weak evidence will become very lenient after discussion, whilst when given strong evidence they are likely to give harsh judgment.

Back 23

Risky-Shift Phenomena

Front 24

Phenomenon in which a group decision-making enhances or amplifies the original opinions of the group's members is called ________________.

Ex: After a discussion about racism, members of the group who are racist will defend their attitudes far more strongly than they would have beforehand.

Back 24

Group Polarization

Front 25

________________ refers to the behavior that is initiated or changes in response to a request, but the request is not a command or a direct order.

Ex: Mom asks you to do dishes and you do.

Back 25

Compliance

Front 26

_______________ is the phenomenon in which a person who has agreed to a small request is more likely to comply with a subsequent larger request.

Ex: Timmy asks his mom for permission to go over to John's house for an hour. She says yes, and later he asks if he can stay the night.

Back 26

Foot-in-the-door Effect

Front 27

People are first presents with an extremely large request, which they will likely refuse, and then they are presented with a more reasonable request that they are more likely to accept is called the ________________.

Ex: Asking for a $1,000 donation that gets denied on purpose for a more reasonable request of $10.

Back 27

Door-in-the-face Technique

Front 28

_________________ is a tactic for increasing compliance that involves doing something for others to create a feeling of obligation on their part.

Ex: Giving a free sample of chips n dip and then asking to buy them both.

Back 28

Reciprocity

Front 29

______________ occurs when the presence of others discourages an individual from intervening in an emergency situation.

Ex: Genovese was stabbed to death outside her apartment while people who observed the crime did not step in to assist or call the police.

Back 29

Bystander Effect

Front 30

Negative attitudes of a person on the basis of stereotypes about the group to which the person belongs to is called _______________.

Ex: Being Sexist

Back 30

Prejudice

Front 31

Behaviors that adversely affect members of a particular group is called ______________.

Ex: Not allowing women to work at a company even if they are qualified.

Back 31

Discrimination