Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
the tendency to overemphasize personal factors and underestimate situational factors in explaining behavior
|
fundamental attribution error
|
|
|
the branch of psychology concerned with how others influence the way a person thinks, feels, and acts
|
social psychology
|
|
|
the full store of knowledge that people have about themselves
|
self-concept
|
|
|
a state in which the sense of self is the object of attention
|
self-awareness
|
|
|
the cognitive aspect of the self-concept, consisting of an integrated set of memories, beliefs, and generalizations about the self
|
self-schema
|
|
|
self-concepts determined largely by social roles and personal relationships
|
interdependent self-construals
|
|
|
a view of the self as separate from others, emphasizing self-reliance and the pursuit of personal happiness
|
independent self-contruals
|
|
|
the evaluative aspect of self-concept
|
self-esteem
|
|
|
an internal monitor of social acceptance or rejection
|
sociometer
|
|
|
the evaluation of our own actions, abilities, and beliefs by contrasting them with other people's
|
social comparison
|
|
|
the tendency for people to take personal credit for success but blame failure on external factors
|
self-serving bias
|
|
|
the evalutation of objects, events, or ideas
|
attitude
|
|
|
attitudes that influence our feelings and behavior at an unconscious level
|
implicit attitudes
|
|
|
the perceptual incongruity that occurs when there is a contradiction between two attitudes or between an attitude and a behavior
|
cognitive dissonance
|
|
|
the active and conscious effort to change attitudes through the transformation of a message
|
persuasion
|
|
|
a theory of how persuasive messages lead to attitude changes
|
elaboration likelihood model
|
|
|
the facial expressions, gestures, mannerisms, and movements by which one communicates with others
|
nonverbal behavior
|
|
|
people's causal explanations for why events or actions occur
|
attributions
|
|
|
explanations that refer to internal characteristics, such as abilities, traits, moods, and effort
|
personal attributions
|
|
|
explanations that refer to external events, such as the weather, luck, accidents, or the actions of other people
|
situational attributions
|
|
|
cognitive schemas that allow for easy and efficient organization of information about people based on their membership in certain groups
|
stereotypes
|
|
|
the observation that people may come to behave in ways that confirm their own or others' expectations
|
self-fulfilling prophecy
|
|
|
the affective or attitudinal responses associated with stereotypes
|
prejudice
|
|
|
the inappropriate and unjustified treatment of people based solely on their group membership
|
discrimination
|
|
|
the tendency for people to evaluate favorably and privilege members of the ingroup more than members of the outgroup
|
ingroup favoritism
|
|
|
when the mere presence of others enhances performance
|
social facilitation
|
|
|
the tendency for people to work less hard in a group than when working alone
|
social loafing
|
|
|
a phenomenon of low self-awareness, in which people lose their individuality and fail to attend to personal standards
|
deindividuation
|
|
|
expected standards of conduct, which influence behavior
|
social norms
|
|
|
the altering of one's opinions or behavior to match those of others or to match social norms
|
conformity
|
|
|
the tendency to agree to do things requested by others
|
compliance
|
|
|
the willingness to follow and order given by an authority
|
obedience
|
|
|
any behavior or action that involves the intention to harm someone else
|
aggression
|
|
|
the extent to which people feel frustrated predicts the likelihood that they will act aggressively
|
frustration-aggression hypothesis
|
|
|
tending to benefit others
|
prosocial
|
|
|
the providing of help when it is needed, without any apparent reward for doing so
|
altruism
|
|
|
the tendency to be altruistic toward those who share a genetic bond
|
kin selection
|
|
|
the tendency to help another because the recipient may return the favor
|
reciprocal helping
|
|
|
the failure to offer help by those who observe someone in need
|
bystander intervention effect
|
