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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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As Spain declined who emerged?
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France
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Henry IV important facts
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1)a Huguenot
2)converted to Catholicism in order to rule France more effectively as part of the religious majority 3)issued the Edict of Nantes to protect the Huguenots and guaranteeing them religious freedom 4)tried to restore the power of the central government 5)tried to discipline the army and rebuild infrastructure of the country |
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What is infrastructure?
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Roads, waterways, sewer systems etc.
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Who did Henry IV chose to oversee the nation's finances?
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Duke of Sully
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What was the goal of the Duke of Sully?
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to change the tax-farming system
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What was the Edict of Nantes?
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guaranteed freedom of worship and political rights--it defused the religious conflicts and ended the civil wars
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What was tax-farming
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selling right to collect taxes to private individuals
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The tax burden fell mostly to the
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peasants because the nobles and clergy did not pay direct tax and had few other taxes to pay
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How did the tax farmers become rich?
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tax farmers paid the govt. a fixed sum
then they collected all they could and kept the surplus |
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When Henry IV is stabbed to death who succeeds him?
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his son, Louis XIII
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Who does Louis XIII choose as his Chief Minister?
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Cardinal Richelieu
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Louis XIII and Richelieu goals for the throne and country of France?
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they wanted to make the King supreme in France and France supreme in Europe
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How was these goals accomplished?
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1)destroy the power of the nobles and the independence of the Huguenots
2)reduce the power of the Habsburgs |
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How did Richelieu destroy power of Huguenots?
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led attacks against Huguenot fortified cities then they asked for peace in return for giving up some rights
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How did Richelieu crush the nobles military power?
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1)leveled the fortified castles of the nobles
2)appointed regional governors and strengthened the regional administrators who had no desire to advance the power of the nobles |
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What were the regional administrators called
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intendants
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What resulted from the smoldering tension between Protestants and Catholics in Germany following the Peace of Augsburg and the rivalry between the 300 German princes ?
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The Thirty Years War
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What did the German princes want?
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to be independent of the Holy Roman Empire
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The actual war broke out in 1618 after Protestant rebels threw
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2 representatives of the Holy Roman Empire from a castle window
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That event led to a full-scale rebellion against
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the Holy Roman Empire
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In response, what did Emperor Matthias do?
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He sent troops to suppress the rebellion
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In response, what did Protestant German princes and Danes(Denmark) do?
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sent their troops against the Emperor's armies
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What brought Sweden into the war?
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The Emperor's army defeated the Danes
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To continue his plan to diminish the power of the Habsburgs-Cardinal Richelieu wanted to extend the war so he did what to accomplish that?
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he declared war against both Spain and the Holy Roman Empire
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What did the nations involved in the Thirty Year's War eventulally sign?
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the Peace of Westphalia
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What did France gain in the Peace of Westphalia?
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territory
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What happened to the Habsburgs?
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they lost power and turned their attention to their land holdings in the east
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Was France helped by the Thirty Years War?
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yes
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French nobles incited rebellions against the monarchy known as
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the Fronde--sling or slingshot
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Who was Richelieu's successor and what did he do?
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Cardinal Mazarin
he eventually crushed the rebellion |
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As an eye witness to the Fronde, even at a young age Louis XIV determined to establish a monarchy of
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absolute power
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Louis XIV reigned for how many years?
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72--the longest in French history
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What symbol did Louis XIV adopt as his personal symbol?
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the Sun--became known as the Sun King
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Louis XIV believed God ordained him to be king , or as he put it ---I AM THE STATE --is known as
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divine right of kings
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Because he believed this he built the
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Palace at Versailles
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Palace at Versailles was
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1)his personal home
2)seat of govt. )center of French power |
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He insisted that the most important nobles in France live at Versailles because he
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wanted to keep an eye on them
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Louis XIV surrounded himself with very wise and influential people, like who?
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Jean-Baptiste Colbert
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Jean-Baptiste Colbert strengthen
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French industry
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Colbert placed high tariffs on
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improrts
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Colbert encouraged
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colonization
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Colbert eliminated corruption in
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tax-farming
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Louis XIV did not trust the Huguenots and therefore revoked the
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Edict of Nantes
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Because of his territorial ambitions in Europe and around the world Louis XIV built the largest
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army in Europe
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What ended Louis XIV conquests in Europe?
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the War of the Spanish Succession
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With the defeat of the Habsburg's Louis XIV grandson was in line to take over the
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Spanish Monarchy
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What were other European nations fear?
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Having one king rule both France and Spain
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Where did the nations go to war against France?
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1)Europe
2)on the oceans 3)even the Americas |
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Were the French defeated?
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yes
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What did Louis XIV sign after he was defeated?
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the Treaty of Utrecht
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Where did France turn to as a result of the War of the Spanish Succession to expand its territory?
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North America
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What happened after Louis XIV's death with the French nobles?
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The French nobles began to take back power they had lost under the French monarchy
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After Louis XIV's death France experienced the relative stability for another how many years?
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50
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A decline in royal authority would eventually lead to a significant
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revolution in France
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