Chapter 15 Practice Test

Front 1

Why do both bacteria and humans need tryptophan?

Back 1

It’s 1 of the 20 amino acids used by all organisms to make proteins

Front 2

How does feedback inhibition help to regulate a metabolic pathway?

Back 2

The end product of metabolic pathway controls activity of first enzyme

Front 3

How does feedback inhibition help to regulate a metabolic pathway?

Back 3

It allows a cell to adapt quickly to fluctuations in the supply of a substance it needs

Front 4

How does feedback inhibition help to regulate a metabolic pathway?

Back 4

It is typically found in anabolic pathways

Front 5

How does feedback inhibition help to regulate a metabolic pathway?

Back 5

If the end product accumulates in the cell, the whole pathway is shut down by inhibiting enzyme activity

Front 6

Prokaryotes keep related genes under coordinate control with

Back 6

An operon

Hint 6

Both Lac and trp have these

Front 7

A bacterium that requires energy and raw materials to regulate gene expression

Back 7

Cessation of the synthesis of glycine

Front 8

Anabolic pathways such as a trp operon are

Back 8

Repressible

Front 9

Catabolic pathways such as the lac operon are

Back 9

Inducible

Front 10

Inducible operons are found in what kind of pathways?

Back 10

Catabolic

Front 11

In an inducible operon the inducer is often

Back 11

The substrate

Front 12

In the pathway being regulated the inducer binds to

Back 12

The repressor

Front 13

When the inducer binds to the repressor what does it become?

Back 13

Inactive

Front 14

How does the substrate turn the operon on?

Back 14

By binding to the repressor and inactivating it

Front 15

What is the next process after Allolactose binds to the repressor protein and inactivates

Back 15

Allows transcription of the genes in the operon including human growth factor

Front 16

To cause a culture of bacteria to produce human growth what substance should you add?

Back 16

Allolactose

Front 17

RNA polymerase acts at what point in gene expression?

Back 17

Transcription

Front 18

Repressors that attach to operators do what?

Back 18

Act to block transcription

Front 19

Repressible and inducible operons control gene expression at the level of

Back 19

Transcription

Front 20

Gene expression in bacteria is regulated primarily by

Back 20

Controlling the transcription of genes into mRNA

Front 21

Controlling the transcription of genes into mRNA is the expression of what

Back 21

Gene expression in bacteria is regulated primarily

Front 22

The basics of the regulation of gene expression is common where?

Back 22

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Front 23

How can multicellular eukaryotes differ from prokaryotes?

Back 23

Multicellular eukaryote have different cells specialized for different functions

Front 24

DNA methylation and histone deacetylation both repress

Back 24

Transcription

Front 25

Some cases DNA methylation and histone deacetylation combine

Back 25

To silence certain genes

Front 26

RNA polymerase and other necessary proteins can’t make contact with DNA when?

Back 26

Genes are tightly packed heterochromatin are usually not transcribed

Front 27

Genetic recombination occurs at what process?Also,is it a mechanism of gene regulation?

Back 27

Meiosis and it is not a general mechanism of gene regulation

Front 28

At rare occasions what can eukaryotes do?

Back 28

Eukaryotes do not eliminate genes from their genome

Front 29

What kind of operon is used to position related genes near each other?

Back 29

Prokaryotic operons

Front 30

What is an example of not being a general mechanism for gene regulation?

Back 30

Protecting DNA from mutations

Front 31

What kind of charge does deacetylation cause in histones?Does it increase or decrease?

Back 31

Deacetylation causes a positive charge and increases

Front 32

What kind of charge does deacetylation cause in histones?Does it increase or decrease?

Back 32

Deacetylation causes a positive charge and increases

Front 33

What happens to DNA when Deacetylation increases the positive charges on histones?

Back 33

DNA is bonded tighter to the histones?

Front 34

Tighter packing of the chromatin at the target gene causes what

Back 34

Transcription

Front 35

Deacetylation does what kind of packing with the chromatin?

Back 35

Tighter packing

Front 36

When a chromatin is packed tightly what happens?

Back 36

A tightly packed chromatin is less easily transcribed

Front 37

What kind of sites are used within DNA to increase the rate of transcription and activators bind?

Back 37

Enhancers

Front 38

To activate a transcription factor in a eukaryote to stimulate gene expression to a DNA site is called

Back 38

An enhancer

Front 39

What kind of protein is bound to DNA to form nucleosomes?

Back 39

Histones

Front 40

Can the process of silencing stimulate transcription?

Back 40

Silencing inhibits transcription not stimulate

Front 41

Are operons found in eukaryotes?

Back 41

No,they are found in prokaryotes

Front 42

Enhancers are

Back 42

Distal control elements

Front 43

What distal element would you use to increase the rate of transcription,located with thousands of base pairs away from the promoter upstream or downstream?

Back 43

Enhancers