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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Traits |
Relatively stable patterns of throught, feeling, or behavior that characterize an individual. |
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States |
Temporary patterns of thought, feeling, or behavior |
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Big Five |
Five crucial dimensions of personality determined through factor analysis of trait terms: extraversion, neuroticism (or emotional instability), agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. |
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Extraversion |
Having an energetic approach toward the social and physical world. |
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Neuroticism |
Being prone to negative emotion, and it's opposite is emotional stability |
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Agreeableness |
A trusting and easygoing approach to others. |
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Conscientiousness |
Having an organized, efficient, and disciplined approach to life. |
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Openness to experience |
Unconventionality, intellectual curiosity, and interest in new ideas, foods, and activities. |
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Self-report data |
Data supplied by the research participant describing herself (usually, ratings of attitudes or moods, or tallies of behavior), rather than that collected by the experimenter. |
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Informant data |
Data about a person derived from others who know the person well. |
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Personality Paradox |
The idea that people seem to behave much less consistently than a trait conception would predict |
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Behavioral Data |
Data about a person based on dreck observation of that person's actions or behavior |
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Self-monitoring Scale |
A personality measure that seeks to determine the degree to which a person alters or adjusts their behavior in order to act appropriately in new circumstances. |
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Temperament |
A person's characteristic level of reactivity and energy; often thought to be constitutional |
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Physiological data |
Data about a person derived from measurement of biological structures and processes. |
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Sensation seeking |
A predisposition to seek novel experiences, look for thrills and adventure, and be highly susceptible to boredom. |
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Inhibited temperament |
A personality style associated with introversion and neuroticism, and characterized by a fear of novelty that is evident early in life |
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National character |
The idea that people in different cultures have different personalities |
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Hysteria |
Older term for a group of presumably psychogenic disorders that included a wide variety of physical and mental symptoms. |
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Psychogenic symptoms |
Symptoms believed to result from some psychological cause rather than from tissue damage |
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Free association |
Mthod used in psychoanalytic therapy in which the patient is to say anything that comes to her mind, no matter how apparently trivial, unrelated, or embarassing |
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Repression |
In psychoanalytic theory, a mechanism of defense by means of which thoughts, impulses, or memories that give rise to anxiety are pushed out of consciousness. |
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Psychoanalysis |
A theory of human personality development formulated by Freud, based on assertions about unconscious conflict and early psychosexual development; also the method of therapy that draws heavily on this theory |
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Id |
In Freud's theory, a term for the most primitive reactions of human personality, consisting of blind striving for immediate biological satisfaction regardless of cost. |
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Ego |
In Freud's theory, a set of reactions that try to reconcile the id's blind pleasure strivings with demands of reality |
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Superego |
In Freud's theory, reaction patterns that emerge from within the ego, represent the internalized rules of society, and come to control the ego by punishment with guilt. |
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Defense Mechanism |
A collectiveterm for a number of reactions that tryto ward off or lessen anxiety by variousunconscious means.
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Displacement |
A redirection of animpulse from a channel that is blockedinto another, more available outlet
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Reaction Formation |
A mechanism ofdefense in which a forbidden impulseis turned into its opposite
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Rationalization |
A mechanism ofdefense by means of which unacceptablethoughts or impulses are reinterpretedin more acceptable and, thus,less anxiety-arousing terms.
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Projection |
A mechanism of defensein which various forbidden thoughtsand impulses are attributed to anotherperson rather than the self
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Stages of psychosexual development |
The sequence of four developmentalstages from infancy throughthe attainment of adult sexuality thatis considered universal in psychoanalytictheory: the oral stage, the analstage, the phallic stage, and the genitalstage.
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Penis Envy |
In psychoanalytic theory,the wish for a penis that is assumed toensue normally in females as part ofthe Electra complex.
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Collective Unconscious |
A set ofprimordial stories and images,hypothesized by Carl Jung to beshared by all of humanity, and whichhe proposed underlie and shape ourperceptions and desires.
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Archetypes |
According to Carl Jung,the stories and images that constituteour collective unconscious.
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ego psychology |
A school of psychodynamicthought that emphasizes theskills and adaptive capacities ofthe ego.
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Life data |
Data about a person concerningconcrete, real-worldoutcomes.
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Object Relations |
A school ofpsychodynamic thought that emphasizesthe real (as opposed to fantasized)relations an individual has withothers.
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Phenomenology |
The study of individuals' own unique, first-person, conscious experience. |
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Construal |
The way an individual makes sense of the world around him. |
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Self theory |
Carl Rogers's theory of personality which emphasizes the individuals active attempts to satisfy his needs in a manner that is consistent with his self-concept. |
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Self-schema |
An organized body of knowledge about the self and that shapes one's behaviors, perceptions, and emotions |
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Personal Myths |
The personal narrativesor stories that provide a personwith a sense of direction and meaning
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Actual Selves |
Self-schema for whomone is at the moment.
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Possible Selves |
Self-schemas forwhom one may be in the future; theseinclude the ideal self and the oughtself.
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Promotion Focus |
An orientation toactively pursue valued goals thoughtto arise when we compare our actualself to our ideal self.
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Prevention Focus |
An orientation toavoid doing harm thought to arisewhen we compare our actual self toour ought self.
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Self-Esteem |
The relative balance ofpositive and negative judgments aboutoneself.
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ideal self |
who one would ideally like to be. |
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ought self |
that one thinks one should be. |
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Hot cognition |
emotional and motivational |
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cold cognition |
dispassionate and analytical |
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Positive Psychology |
A researchmovement that emphasizes factorsthat make people psychologicallyhealthy, happy, or able to cope wellwith their life circumstances
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Character Strengths |
Personalcharacteristics that contribute to aperson’s happiness without diminishingthe happiness of others.
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Outcome Expectations |
A set ofbeliefs, drawn from experience, aboutwhat the consequences (rewards orpunishments) of certain actions arelikely to be.
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Self-Efficacy |
The sense a person hasabout what things he can plausiblyaccomplish.
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Personal Constructs |
The dimensionsused by a person to organize hisor her experience.
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Self-handicapping |
A self-protectivestrategy of arranges for an obstacle toone’s own performance, so that failurecan be attributed to the obstacleinstead of one’s own limitations
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Attributional Style |
The way a persontypically explains the things thathappen in his or her life.
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Self-Control |
The ability to pursue agoal while adequately managing internalconflicts about it, or to delay pursuinga goal because of otherconsiderations or constraints.
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