Chapter 15: Nervous System

Front 1

Gangli/o

Back 1

Ganglion (knot or knot like mass) [not part of answer: it is a mass of nerve cell bodies (gray matter) in the peripheral nervous system]

Front 2

Gli/o

Back 2

Neuroglial tissue; glue

Front 3

Kinesi/o

Back 3

Movement

Front 4

Lex/o

Back 4

Word, phrase

Front 5

Myel/o

Back 5

Spinal cord (in Musculoskeletal it's bone marrow)

Front 6

Narc/o

Back 6

Stupor, numbness, sleep

Front 7

Neur/o

Back 7

Nerve

Front 8

Radicul/o

Back 8

Nerve root

Front 9

Thec/o

Back 9

Sheath (usually refers to meninges)

Front 10

Encephal/o

Back 10

Brain

Front 11

Ton/o

Back 11

Tension

Front 12

Thromb/o

Back 12

Blood clot

Front 13

-lysis

Back 13

Separation, destruction, loosening

Front 14

-algesia

-algia

Back 14

Pain

Front 15

-astenia

Back 15

Weakness, debility

Front 16

-estesia

Back 16

Feeling

Front 17

-kinesia

Back 17

Movement

Front 18

-lepsy

Back 18

Seizure

Front 19

-paresis

Back 19

Partial paralysis

Front 20

-phasia

Back 20

Speech

Front 21

-taxia

Back 21

Order, coordination

Front 22

pachy-

Back 22

Thick

Front 23

para-

Back 23

Near, beside or beyond

Front 24

syn-

Back 24

Union, together, joined

Front 25

uni-

Back 25

One

Front 26

Sciatica

Back 26

When pressure is applied to the nerve root causing radiating pain down the leg

Front 27

Decompression surgery

Back 27

Surgery to remove the cause of pressure to the nerve, to reduce pain

Front 28

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Back 28

Functional abnormality of the cerebrum caused by disorders of the blood vessels of the brain. Commonly associated with a stroke.

Front 29

Ataxia

Back 29

Lack of muscle coordination in the execution of voluntary movement

Front 30

Epilepsies

Back 30

Chronic or reoccurring seizure disorders

Front 31

Concussion

Back 31

Injury to the brain, occasionally with transient loss of consciousness, as a result of trauma to the head.

Hint 31

Symptoms may include headache, nausea, vomiting, and blurred vision.

Front 32

Convulsion

Back 32

Any sudden and violent contraction of one or more voluntary muscles.

Front 33

Herpes zoster

Back 33

Acute inflammatory eruption of highly painful vesicles on the trunk of the body or occasionally the face. Also called shingles, it is caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox, varricella.

Front 34

Lethargy

Back 34

Abnormal inactivity or lack of response to normal stimuli.

Front 35

What is paralysis?

Back 35

Loss of voluntary motion in one or more muscle groups with or without loss of sensation. Resulting from stroke or spinal cord injuries.

Front 36

Hemiplegia

Back 36

Paralysis of one side of the body, typically resulting from a stroke.

Front 37

Paraplegia

Back 37

Paralysis of both lower limbs, typically a result of trauma or disease of the lower spinal cord.

Front 38

Quadriplegia

Back 38

Paralysis of both arms and legs, commonly resulting in digestive and reproductive dysfunction.

Front 39

Syncope

Back 39

Brief loss of consciousness and posture caused by a temporary loss of blood flow to the brain. Commonly referred to as fainting.

Front 40

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Back 40

Recording of electrical activity in the brain, whose cells emit distinct patterns of rhythmic electrical impulses.

Hint 40

Helps diagnose conditions such as tumors and infections and help locate seizure focus or areas of inactivity.

Front 41

Lumbar puncture (LP)

Back 41

Needle puncture of the spinal cavity to extract spinal fluid for diagnostics, introduce anesthetic agents into the spinal canal, or remove fluid to allow other fluids (such as radiopaque substances) to be injected. Also called spinal tap or spinal puncture.

Front 42

Nerve conduction velocity (NCV)

Back 42

Test that measures the speed at which impulses travel through the nerve.

Front 43

Cryosurgery

Back 43

Technique that exposes abnormal tissue to extreme cold to destroy it.

Front 44

Thalamotomy

Back 44

Partial destruction of the thalamus to treat intractable pain; involuntary movements, including tremors in Parkinson disease; or emotional disturbances. Thalamotomy produces few neurological deficits or change in personality.

Front 45

Tractotomy

Back 45

Transection of a nerve tract in the brain stem or spinal cord. Tractotomy is sometimes used to relieve intractable pain.

Front 46

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis

Back 46

Laboratory test used to diagnose disorders of the central nervous system, such as, viral and bacterial infections, tumors, and hemorrhages.

Hint 46

Examination of a sample of fluid obtained in a lumbar puncture (LP)

Front 47

Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA)

Back 47

Angiography in combination with a CT scan to produce high-resolution, three dimensional vascular images of the blood vessels.

Hint 47

Identifies blocked blood vessels, aneurysms, and plaque build up. Also aides in differentiating hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke.

Front 48

Discography

Back 48

CT scan of the lumbar region after injection of a contrast medium to detect problems with the spine and spinal nerve roots.

Front 49

Pharmacology: controls tremors and muscle rigidity associated with Parkinson disease by increasing dopamine in the brain?

Back 49

Antiparkinsonian agents

Front 50

Pharmacology: treats multiple symptoms of depression by increasing levels of specific neurotransmitters.

Back 50

Antidepressants

Hint 50

Some are also used to treat anxiety or pain.

Front 51

Pharmacology: depress central nervous system functions, promoting sedation, sleep, relieves agitation, anxiousness, and restlessness.

Back 51

Hypnotics

Front 52

CSF

Back 52

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Front 53

EEG

Back 53

Electroencephalography

Front 54

MS

Back 54

Multiple sclerosis (for this chapter)

Front 55

TIA

Back 55

Transient Ischemic Attack

Front 56

Pachymeninges

Back 56

Dura mater

Front 57

Pachymeningitis

Back 57

Inflammation of the dura mater

Front 58

Inflammation of the nerve root

Back 58

Radicul/itis

Front 59

Instrument used to measure the cranium (skull)

Back 59

Crani/o/meter

Front 60

Condition of slow movement

Back 60

Brady/kinesia

Front 61

Inflammation of gray (matter) of the spinal cord

Back 61

Polio/myel/itis

Front 62

Excision of a nerve root

Back 62

Radicul/ectomy

Front 63

Pertaining to stupor; numbness; sleep

Back 63

Narc/o/tic

Front 64

Tumor of neuroglial tissue

Back 64

Gli/oma

Front 65

Speech that is rapid

Back 65

Tachy/phasia

Front 66

Softening of the cranium (skull)

Back 66

Crani/o/malacia

Front 67

Separation; destruction; loosening of a nerve

Back 67

Neur/o/lysis

Front 68

Inability to comprehend auditory, visual, spatial, or other sensations even though the sensory tract is intact

Back 68

Agnosia

Front 69

Thin gray layer that covers the cerebrum

Back 69

Cerebral cortex

Front 70

Classification of drugs that has a calming effect on people with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder

Back 70

Psychostimulants

Front 71

Demyelination is associated with

Back 71

Multiple sclerosis

Front 72

Treatment that is precisely focused radiation therapy used to treat tumors in the brain with reduce side effects

Back 72

Stereotactic radiosurgery

Front 73

Technique that cuts a circular opening into the skull to reveal brain tissue

Back 73

Trephination

Front 74

Cytoplasmic projections of a neuron that carry impulses to the cell body

Back 74

Dendrites

Front 75

Structure that joins the two hemispheres of the brain

Back 75

Corpus callosum

Front 76

Clinical term for the "emotional brain"

Back 76

Limbic system